Vyse uvedene souradnice Vas opet privedou k budove, ve ktere
sidli jeden z pocitacovych gigantu. Tato firma se v teto oblasti
etablovala skutecne davno, je jednim z "dinosauru" oboru IT a stoji
za radou velkych inovaci v minulem stoleti. Firma byla oficialne
zalozena 15. cervna 1911, tehdy pod jmenem Computing- Tabulating-
Recording Company (C-T-R), jeji koreny vsak sahaji az do roku 1888.
V roce 1914 se jejim generalnim manazerem stal legendarni Thomas J.
Watson, 14. unora 1924 doslo k prejmenovani na International
Business Machines Corporation, zkracene IBM.
POZOR: Cache na techto souradnicich
nenajdete!!
Firma IBM ma na svedomi i jeden z
nejpouzivanejsich a nejrozsirenejsich programovacich jazyku -
Fortran. Jeho jmeno vzniklo z dlouheho nazvu The IBM
Mathematical Formula Translating System a
byl vytvoren jako jeden z prvnich vysokourovnovych a obecnych
jazyku v letech 1954 az 1957 v laboratorich IBM tymem, ktery
vedl John W. Backus.
Fortran mel obrovsky uspech a okamzite se zacal prosazovat v
oblastech, pro ktere byl primarne urcen: v numerickych vypoctech,
ve vedeckotechnicke oblasti a dalsich na vypocty velmi narocnych
oborech: v modelovani pocasi, dynamice kapalin, chemii, jaderne
fyzice a podobne. V tomto programovacim jazyku vzniklo obrovske
mnozstvi aplikaci, ktere se dodnes siroce vyuzivaji, a i kdyz byl v
devadesatych letech trochu zastinen nekterymi jinymi jazyky, stale
existuji oblasti, ve kterych je Fortran nezastupitelny a jeho role
je naprosto dominantni.
Fortran dominoval zejmena od sedesatych do devadesatych let. V
osmdesatych letech vzniklo i sebevedome prohlaseni: "Nejsem si
uplne jisty, jak bude vypadat programovaci jazyk pro
vedecko-technicke vypocty v 21. stoleti, ale zcela urcite se bude
jmenovat Fortran"
.
Ve Fortranu byly mimo jine vytvoreny i programy pro vetsinu
vesmirnych letu. A prave zde se vyskytla dosud nejdrazsi
programatorska chyba na svete. Dne 28. cervence 1962 doslo chvili
po startu k havarii nosne rakety se sondou Mariner, ktera mela
letet k Venusi. Raketa se odchylila od sve drahy a zritila se do
Atlantiku. Usilovne patrani po pricinach selhani vedlo k sokujicimu
vysledku - mohla za to zamena carky za tecku! Fortran ma totiz
nekolik zvlastnich vlastnosti: ignoruje mezery a nevyzaduje predem
deklaraci promennych. Programator zadal v prikazu cyklu misto
spravneho DO 17 I=1,10 chybne
DO 17 I=1.10, coz vsak prekladac
misto cyklu vyhodnotil jako prirazeni hodnoty
1.10 do nove promenne
DO17I. Tato drobna chyba znamenala
skodu zhruba 10 milionu dolaru!
Doufam, ze Vy podobnou chybu neudelate a ze se s nasledujicim
kratkym programem ve Fortranu vyrovnate bez problemu.
C Program to get the CC#5 Coordinates
Program CC5
C
IMPLICIT REAL*8 (e-f,k-o)
C
CALL Get_Coords (North,East)
WRITE (*,1000) North, East
1000 FORMAT ('Cache coordinates: N50',F7.3,', E014',F7.3)
C
STOP
END
C
C Get_Coords
SUBROUTINE Get_Coords (polN, polE)
C
IMPLICIT REAL*8 (e-f,k-z)
INTEGER I
C
OffN = 0.780
OffE = 2.385
KonN = 0.160
KonE = 2.210
ExpN = 1.010
ExpE = 1.210
C
polN = OffN
polE = OffE
C
DO 100 I = 1,6
C
polN = KonN * ExpN**I + polN
polE = KonE * ExpE**I + polE
C
100 CONTINUE
C
RETURN
END
Hodne stesti pri programovani i hledani! Pozor - jedna se o
skutecnou mikrocache, ktera obsahuje pouze logbook -
prineste si proto vlastni tuzku a v logu
setrete mistem - staci napsat pouze nick a datum.
Cache ulozte na sve misto presne tak, jak byla
predtim. Diky!!!
PS: Za spolupraci a betatest patri velky dik
matymu
!
The above coordinates will bring you to
yet another building in Prague used by one of the biggest computer
company in the world. This company is quite old, it is one of the
"dinosaurus" of IT industry and it brought a lot of innovations to
it in the last century. The company was officially established on
15th June 1911 as the Computing- Tabulating- Recording Company
(C-T-R), its origins can be traced back to the 1888. In 1914 the
legenday Thomas J. Watson became a general manager. On 14th
February 1924, C-T-R's name was formally changed to
International Business Machines Corporation - IBM for
short. ATTENTION: There is no cache at those
coordinates!!
IBM stays behind the one of the most
widely used programming languages - Fortran. Its name is
derived from quite long sentence The IBM Mathematical
Formula Translating System, the language was
created as one of the first high level and general programming
languages in the years 1954 - 1957 in the IBM laboratories by the
large team of specialists lead by John W. Backus.
Fortran had a great success and
immediately started to dominate in the fields which fit into its
primary purpose: in numeric computation, in scientific computing,
in climate modelling, fluid dynamics, chemistry, nuclear physics et
cetera. Many applications are still widely used and although some
other languages supersed it in the nineties, there are still many
areas in which Fortran is dominant till today.
In the eighties the following interesting
statement has been made: "I am not certain what the language for
scientific and engineering computation will look like by the 21st
century, but I am sure it will be called Fortran"
.
Fortran was also used for creating the
critical applications in most important space programs. And this is
the field where the most expensive programming error in history has
been made. On 28. July 1962 the Mariner spacecraft failed during
its launch and crashed into the Atlantic ocean. The searching for
the cause brought very surprising discovery - the reason was the
period typed in place of a comma! Fortran has several strange
features: it ignores the spaces and does not require the special
variable declaration. The programmer made an error in the cycle
command. Instead of the correct DO 17
I=1,10 he typed the wrong DO 17
I=1.10 command, which has been translated as a setting
the value 1.10 to the new variable
DO17I instead of the cycle command.
This subtle error caused the damage of about 10 millions of
dollars!
I hope you will avoid such errors and you
will be able to get the coordinates from the above program without
any problem.
Good luck! Attention - this is a real
microcache which contains only the logbook. You
need to bring your own pen! Also please save the space in
the logbook, please put only the date and nick there.
Please put the cache exactly at the same place as
it was before. Thanks!!!
PS: My thanks for cooperation and betatest goes to
maty
!
Viz tez/See also:
Computer Cache #1
Computer Cache #2
Computer Cache #3
Computer Cache #4
Computer Cache #6
Computer Cache #7