SK:
Legenda
Je horúci letný deň. Slnko nemilosrdne svieti. Na lúkach grófa Esterházyho tvrdo pracujú kosci. Drábi skrytí v tieni vysokých stromov ich ľahostajne pozorujú. Kosci postupne strácajú sily. Najstarší kosec už nevládze. Tempo práce začína spomaľovať. Drábi pokrikujú na unavených chlapov, ale nepomáha to. Jeden zoberie do rúk bič. Najstarší kosec dostáva nemilosrdnú bitku. Ostatných to nahnevá. Dráb s bičom nemá šancu proti šiestim chlapom s tvrdými päsťami. Práve okolo prechádza v koči gróf Esterházy. Vidí bitku a nahnevá ho to. Nenechá si nič vysvetliť. Vydá rozkaz siedmich odbojných koscov obesiť. Nepomáha ani vysvetľovanie ani plač ich žien s deťmi. Pri poprave jeden kosec vysloví kliatbu proti grófovi. A od tejto chvíle ho začne prenasledovať nešťastie. Zomrie mu manželka, dcéra aj syn. Ľutuje svoj unáhlený čin. Ten sa už však nedá zmeniť. Gróf sa rozhodne robiť pokánie. Trnavskému arcibiskupovi sľúbi, že postaví v Trnave sedem kostolov.
Historické fakty
Od polovice 13. storočia sa Trnava začala rozvíjať na opevnenom území s rozlohou asi 700x800 metrov. Tu sa stavali aj kostoly a kláštorné komplexy. Vzhľadom na veľkosť plochy je tu naozaj pozoruhodný počet kostolov. Toto územie vyznačovalo plochu mesta až do 19. storočia. Uhorský palatín Mikuláš Esterházy žil v rokoch 1583 až 1645. Ako s touto dobou súvisia kostoly, ktoré sú postavené v historickom centre Trnavy (zoradené podľa veku)?:
1. Kostol Nanebovzatia Panny Márie. Klariský kostol s kláštorom sa spomína už v roku 1239. Dokončený bol v druhej polovici 13. storočia. Dnes tu sídli Západoslovenské múzeum. Odporúčam navštíviť.
2. Kostol sv. Heleny. Postavený na prelome 13. a 14. storočia. Pravdepodobne na základoch staršieho kostola.
3. Kostol sv. Jakuba. Františkánsky kostol vznikol za podpory kráľa Ľudovíta I. v rokoch 1363 - 1383.
4. Bazilika sv. Mikuláša. Bola postavená v rokoch 1380-1421 na základoch románskeho kostola, ktorý je spomínaný v prvej písomnej zmienke o meste z roku 1211.
5. Kostol sv. Jozefa. Začali ho stavať kalvíni v rokoch 1616 až 1646. Bez podpory mesta. V 17. storočí ho dostali Paulíni.
6. Katedrála sv. Jána Krstiteľa. Postavená na mieste stredovekého kostola a kláštora dominikánov v rokoch 1629-1937. Donátorom je palatín Mikuláš Esterházy. Potvrdzuje to nápis v latinčine na priečelí: „Svätému Jánovi Krstiteľovi gróf Mikuláš Esterházi, palatín Uhorského kráľovstva.“ V tomto kostole je aj pochovaný.
7. Kostol Najsvätejšej Trojice. Dnešný jezuitský kostol postavili trinitári v rokoch 1720-1729. Hlavným donátorom bol biskup a kanonik Ján Okoličány.
8. Kostol sv. Anny. Uršulínsky kostol sa staval v rokoch 1774 až 1776. Financie na stavbu boli najmä z vena rehoľníčok a od dobrodincov.
Legenda vs. realita
Pri porovnaní legendy a faktov vidíme, že to nesedí. To však nie je problém. Legenda je stredoveký literárny žáner. Opisuje udalosti, ktoré majú reálny základ a postavy. Mieša ich však s vymyslenými až zázračnými prvkami. Používa alegóriu, symboliku a obrazy. Jej úlohou je ponúknuť podnet na zamyslenie a poučenie. Teda aj pred nami stojí otázka: čo táto legenda hovorí dnes?
Úlohy:
pozn: Bazilika sv. Mikuláša je v rekonštrukcii, počet riadkov je tu 4
1. tvojou úlohou je nájsť na každom kostole (okrem Kostola Nanebovzatia Panny Márie – stage 1, kvôli zachovaniu atribútu 24/7) informačné tabuľky (príklad tabuľky). Spočítaj riadky textu na všetkých tabuľkách, dostaneš číslo X (X=súčet počtov riadkov textu na všetkých informačných tabuliach). Pošli prázdny email na adresu legendatrnavyX@gmail.com, do predmetu uveď svoj nick. Odpoveď na tvoj mail je potvrdením splnenia úlohy.
2. do logu pripoj fotku tvojej gps alebo osobného predmetu (TB, coin, woodcoin...) pred niektorým z kostolov.
3. dobrovoľne: napíš do logu svoj názor, aké ponaučenie nám chce legenda odovzdať.
EN:
The legend
It's a hot summer day. The sun shines mercilessly. On Earl Esterházy's meadows harvestmen are working. The catchpoles, hidden in the shadow of tall trees, observe them lethargically. Gradually, the harvestmen are losing their power. The oldest harvestman is exhausted. The pace of work is slowing down. The catchpole are shouting at the tired guys, but it doesn't help. One of the catchpole is taking a whip in his hands. The oldest harvestman is beaten mercilessly. It makes the others harvestmen angry. A beadle with a whip has no chance against six hard-fisted guys. The Earl Esterházy is passing by in the coach. He sees the battle and he gets angry. He won't let anything to be explained. He orders to let the seven rebellious harvestmen to be hanged. Nothing helps, neither explaining, nor crying of the harvestmen´ s women with their children. Within the execution of one of the men a curse against the Earl is declared. And from now on, misfortune begins to haunt the Earl. His wife, daughter and son die. He regrets his hasty decision. However, it can´t be changed. The Earl decides to be penitent. He promises the Archbishop of Trnava to build seven churches in the town.
Historical facts
From the middle of the 13th century Trnava began to expand in a fortified area of about 700x800 meters. There were also built churches and monastery complexes. According to the size of the area, there are really remarkable churches. This area represents the city extent until the 19th century. The Hungarian palatine Nicholas Esterházy lived in the period of years 1583 – 1645. How are the churches (sorted by their age) from the historical centre of Trnava connected to the mentioned historical epoch?:
1. Church of the Ascencion of the Virgin Mary. The Clarist Church with a convent is mentioned from 1239. It was finished in the second half of the 13th century. Today there is the Western Slovak Museum situated. I recommend you to visit this place.
2. St. Helen´s Church. It was built at the turn of the 13th and 14th century. Probably on the foundations of the old church.
3. Church of apostle st. James the Elder. The Franciscan Church was founded with the support of King Louis I in the years 1363 – 1383.
4. Basilica of Saint Nicolas was built in 1380 – 1421 on the foundations of the Romanesque church, which is mentioned in the first written remark about the city from 1211.
5. St. Joseph Church. It was being built by Calvinists from 1616 to 1646 without the support from the city. In the 17th century it was given to Order of St. Paul.
6. St. John the Baptist Cathedral. It was built at the place of the medieval church and monastery of the Dominicans in the years 1629 – 1937. The Donator of this church was Palatine Mikuláš Esterházy. This fact was confirmed by the Latin inscription on the front facade of the church: "From Mikulas Esterhazy, the Palatine of the Hungarian Kingdom, to the Saint John the Baptist." After the palatine´s death he was buried in this church.
7. Church of the Holy Trinity. Nowadays the Jesuit church was built by the Order of Holy Trinity in 1720 –1729. The main donor was a bishop and a canon Ján Okoličány.
8. St. Anne´s Church. The Ursulinian Church was built between 1774 and 1776. The finances for the construction were mainly from the dowry of religious women and benefactors.
Legend vs. reality
Comparing the legend and the facts, we see that it don´t fit. But, this is not a problem. A legend is a medieval literary genre. It describes events that have a real basis and characters. However, it mixes them with invented and miraculous elements. It uses allegory, symbolism and images. It should offer us some thoughts and morals. So there is the question for us: what does this legend tells us?
Tasks:
Note: Basilica of St. Nicolas is under reconstruction, the number of rows is 4
1. Your task is to find information tables (example) on every church (except the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary - stage 1 to preserve the attribute 24/7), count the lines of text on all the tables, get the number X (X = the sum of the number of lines of text on all information boards). Send an empty email to legendatrnavyX@gmail.com and enter your nick in the subject. The reply on your email is a confirmation of completing the job.
2. Attach a photo of your gps or personal item (TB, coin, woodcoin ...) in front of one of the churches to the log.
3. Voluntarily: write your opinion in the log, about the morals that the legend says.
Zdroj/source: internet, kniha: Trnava Mestská pamiatková rezervácia, ARS MONUMENT, Bratislava 2005
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