TÜRKÇE
VOR (VHF Omni-directional Radio Range); alet uçuşunda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir radyo seyrüsefer yardımcısı. Bir yer istasyonu ile hava aracındaki alıcıdan oluşur. En basit tanımı ile, hava aracının yer istasyonuna göre hangi manyetik radyal üzerinde olduğunu gösterir. Tek başına VOR sistemi baş ve mesafe bilgisi vermez.
Hava taşıtının istasyona göre manyetik yönünü belirlemek için yerden yayınlanan sinyallerin faz karşılaştırmasını yapar. Aviyonik sistemler kategorisindedir. Konum belirleme, istasyona doğru ve istasyondan radyal takip etme (tracking), bekleme paterni muhafaza etme ve alet inişi gibi amaçlarla alet uçuşunda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir seyrüsefer yardımcısıdır.
VOR cihazları çoğunlukla istasyona olan mesafeyi belirten DME ile birlikte (VOR/DME) kullanılır ve VOR için seçilen frekans aynı zamanda DME istasyonuna da bağlanır. Böylece hem radyal takibi, hem de mesafe bilgisi sağlanmış olur. Çoğunlukla askerî amaçlarla kullanılan TACAN sistemi VOR/DME'ye çok benzer ancak daha hassastır.
ENGLISH
VHF Omni Directional Radio Range (VOR) is a type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling aircraft with a receiving unit to determine their position and stay on course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio beacons. It uses frequencies in the very high frequency (VHF) band from 108 to 117.95 MHz. Developed in the United States beginning in 1937 and deployed by 1946, VOR is the standard air navigational system in the world, used by both commercial and general aviation. By 2000 there were about 3,000 VOR stations around the world including 1,033 in the US, reduced to 967 by 2013 with more stations being decommissioned with the widespread adoption of GPS.
A VOR ground station sends out an omnidirectional master signal, and a highly directional second signal is propagated by a phased antenna array and rotates clockwise in space 30 times a second. This signal is timed so that its phase (compared to the master) varies as the secondary signal rotates, and this phase difference is the same as the angular direction of the 'spinning' signal, (so that when the signal is being sent 90 degrees clockwise from north, the signal is 90 degrees out of phase with the master). By comparing the phase of the secondary signal with the master, the angle (bearing) to the aircraft from the station can be determined. This line of position is called the "radial" from the VOR. The intersection of radials from two different VOR stations can be used to fix the position of the aircraft, as in earlier radio direction finding (RDF) systems.
VOR stations are fairly short range: the signals are useful for up to 200 miles. Each station broadcasts a VHF radio composite signal including the navigation signal, station's identifier and voice, if so equipped. The navigation signal allows the airborne receiving equipment to determine a bearing from the station to the aircraft (direction from the VOR station in relation to Magnetic North). The station's identifier is typically a three-letter string in Morse code. The voice signal, if used, is usually the station name, in-flight recorded advisories, or live flight service broadcasts. At some locations, this voice signal is a continuous recorded broadcast of Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service or HIWAS.
Kaynak/Source: wikipedia