Fortezza von Rethymno - Retymnon, Crete, Greece
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member luzzi-reloaded
N 35° 22.340 E 024° 28.272
35S E 270268 N 3917270
Fortezza von Rethymno - Retymnon, Crete, Greece
Waymark Code: WMEQ0C
Location: Greece
Date Posted: 06/25/2012
Published By:Groundspeak Charter Member briansnat
Views: 16

[DE]

"Die Fortezza von Rethymno (griechisch F??t?t?a t?? ?e??µ???) ist eine Festungsruine innerhalb des Stadtgebiets von Rethymno an der Nordküste der griechischen Mittelmeerinsel Kreta. Sie ist eines der Wahrzeichen des Hauptortes des Regionalbezirks Rethymno. Die Bezeichnung Fortezza stammt aus der Zeit der Herrschaft der Republik Venedig über Kreta und bedeutet im Italienischen ‚Festung‘, die griechische Entsprechung für Festung ist Frourio (f??????) oder Kastro (??st??).

Geplant wurde die Festungsanlage der Fortezza durch den Architekten Sforza Pallavicini. Im Jahr 1578 waren die Bauarbeiten an der Außenmauer unter Leitung des Ingenieurs Gian Paolo Ferrari beendet. Bis dahin hatten jedoch die Bürger von Rethymno ihre Häuser nach dem Brand von 1571 wieder aufgebaut, wobei als Baumaterial auch Steine der zerstörten Stadtmauer verwendet wurden. Weiterhin stellte man fest, dass die Fläche innerhalb der Fortezza zu klein war, um dort sämtlichen Bürgern Platz für ihre Häuser zu bieten. Deshalb sah man im Folgenden vor, die Festungsanlage lediglich als Zufluchtsort für die Bevölkerung sowie als Sitz der venezianischen Verwaltung, des lateinischen Bischofs und der Armeeverwaltung zu verwenden.

In osmanischer Zeit wurde an den Befestigungsanlagen der Fortezza kaum etwas verändert. Einzig zum Schutz des Haupttores im Osten errichtete man vor diesem die fünfeckige „kleine“ Festung, den Bau, in dem sich heute das Archäologische Museum von Rethymno befindet. Im Innenraum der Fortezza wurde die katholische Bischofskirche San Nicolo durch die Sultan-Ibrahim-Moschee ersetzt und eine Anzahl weiterer Häuser gebaut. Später, nach der Abwanderung der Osmanen, zogen die ärmeren Schichten der Stadt in die verlassenen Häuser in der Festung, bevor diese im Rahmen der Umgestaltung der Fortezza in den 1960er Jahren abgerissen wurden. Die bis dahin innerhalb der Festungsmauern wohnenden Menschen wurden in neue Häuser außerhalb der Stadt umgesiedelt. Die Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts errichteten zwei kleinen Kirchenbauten in der Festung, Agia Ekaterini und Agios Theodoros Trichinas, blieben erhalten, das Minarett der Moschee hingegen riss man nach der Unabhängigkeit vom Osmanischen Reich ab. Einziger Neubau in der Fortezza ist das 1986 auf der Bastion Agios Ilias eingeweihte Freilufttheater." - Quelle: Wikipedia


[EN]

"The fortress of Rethymno (Greek F??t?t?a t?? ?e??µ???) is a ruined fortress within the city of Rethymno on the north coast of the Greek Mediterranean island of Crete. It is one of the landmarks of the capital of the Regional District of Rethymno. The term fortress dates from the reign of the Republic of Venice on Crete and in Italian means, Fortress', the Greek equivalent of Fortress is Frourio (f??????) or Kastro (??st??).

The plan was the fortress of Fortezza by the architect Sforza Pallavicini. In 1578 the construction was finished on the outside wall under the direction of the engineer Gian Paolo Ferrari. Until then, however, the citizens had built their houses in Rethymno after the fire of 1571 again, and as building materials were also used stones of the ruined city walls. Furthermore, it was found that the area was too small within the fortress, there to provide all citizens with space for their homes. So before you saw below, use the fort as a refuge only for the population as well as the seat of the Venetian rule, the Latin bishop of the army and administration.

In the Ottoman period was changed to the fortifications of the little fortress. Only to protect the main gate to the east was built prior to that the five-sided "little" fortress, the building in which is now the Archaeological Museum of Rethymno. Inside the fortress, the Catholic Bishops' Church of San Nicolo by the Sultan Ibrahim Mosque replaced and built a number of other houses. Later, after the exodus of the Ottomans, the poorer sections of the city moved into the abandoned houses in the fort before they were demolished as part of the transformation of the fortress in the 1960s. Until then within the walls dwelling people were resettled in new homes outside the city. The end of the 19th Century erected two small churches in the fortress, Saint Catherine and Saint Theodore Trichinas, were preserved, the minaret of the mosque, however, were demolished after the independence from the Ottoman Empire. The only new building in the fortress in 1986, is inaugurated on the bastion Agios Ilias outdoor theater "-. Source: Wikipedia
The year the "Fort" was constructed or started.: 1578

Name of "Country" or "Nation" that constructed this "Fort": Venezian

Was this "Fort" involved in any armed conflicts?: No it wasn't

What was the primary purpose of this "Historic Fort"?: For protecting a travel or shipping route

Current condition: Museum

This site is administered by ----: City Retymnon

If admission is charged -: 0.00 (listed in local currency)

Open to the public?: Open or unrestricted access.

Official or advertised web-page: [Web Link]

Link to web-site that best describes this "Historic Fort": [Web Link]

Link if this "Fort" is registered on your Countries/ State "Registry of Historical Sites or Buildi: Not listed

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