The Original Statue
The original statue was a gift of Mr. And Mrs. Charles P. Taft to the City of Cincinnati, to mark the centenary of Lincoln’s birth. The Taft’s gave a commission of $100,000 dollars for the statue to George Grey Barnard a pre-eminent sculptor of his time.
Barnard was adamant that the statue should show a true likeness of Lincoln the man before he became famous. He spent a long time searching for a real person to use as a model for Lincoln’s body and eventually found a farmer whom he thought was the right build.
He also represented Lincoln wearing normal clothes rather than what he wore as President.
After displaying the statue in The Union Theological Seminary, New York it was moved to Cincinnati and unveiled on 31st March 1917.
Charles P. Taft was a half brother of the former President of the United States, William Howard Taft. The ex President gave a speech at the unveiling of the statue.
Details of the Cincinnati statue can be found here. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3QET_Abraham_Lincoln_Statue_Cincinnati_Ohio
The Manchester Copy
Charles Taft wanted to donate a copy of the statue to the United Kingdom to celebrate the hundred years of peace between the UK and USA after the signing of the Ghent Peace Treaty.
It was to stand outside the Houses of Parliament in London. However there was controversy over the statue and many people thought that the naturalistic statue was not statesman-like enough.
In the end a different statue sculpted by Saint-Gudens was sent to London and erected in July 1920.
The Tafts still wanted to send a copy of their statue to the UK and in the end Manchester said that they would like to take the statue.
Manchester and surrounding towns had been a centre of cotton production. During the American Civil War many factories had to close because they could not get any supplies of cotton from the States. This caused great hardship with large numbers of people losing their homes. A large number of people homeless and without work emigrated to Australia, or moved to towns with other industries. Many people were forced to apply for poor relief.
Despite all this the cotton workers of Manchester still supported Lincoln’s stand against slavery and wrote a letter of support to him, to which he sent a letter of thanks in reply.
Because of this relationship it was felt that Manchester was an eminently suitable location for the statue.
The statue has had various controversies ever since. A number of people still felt it was a very unflattering statue and for a while it was simply stored in the City Fire Station.
At the same time Manchester was planning to build a new art gallery and thought that the statue should be placed outside it. In the meantime they decided to place the statue in Platt Fields, a public park, but in the suburbs rather than in the centre of Manchester.
They erected the statue on a small low plinth as Barnard had originally designed in Cincinnati.
The art gallery never got built and the statue remained in Platt Fields until 1986. After an area was redeveloped near the town hall, a new small public square was made, and named Lincoln Square. The developers then paid the cost of moving the statue to its new site in the square.
This movement of the statue caused even more controversy.
Firstly in order to avoid vandalism the statue was placed on a new tall polished granite plinth rather than the original low, ground level plinth.
Secondly the council decide to make great play of the friendship between Manchester and Lincoln and the plinth contains extracts from the letters to and from the people of Manchester. However the council at the time was unpopular and often accused of political correctness. This view seemed to be reinforced when the council changed the text of Lincoln’s letter slightly and changed a reference to the ‘working men of Lancashire’ to the ‘working people of Lancashire’.
Personally I’m not always in favour of changing language just for political correctness. However this change is actually much more accurate because at the time of the writing of the letter, 56% of the work force in the cotton mills was female.
So Lincoln now proudly stands in a square in Manchester thousands of miles from the United States. It is an English Heritage Grade II listed building, reference number 1293302. http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1293302
At 4 metres high the statue is approximately twice life size.
The text on the front of the plinth reads
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
1809-1865
This statue commemorates the support
that the working people of Manchester
gave in their fight for the abolition
of slavery during the American Civil War.
By supporting the union under president Lincoln
at a time when there was an economic
blockade of the southern states the
Lancashire cotton workers were denied
access to raw cotton which caused
considerable unemployment
throughout the cotton industry.
On the left hand side of the plinth is an extract of the address from the Manchester workers to President Lincoln.
....... the vast progress which you have made
in the short space of twenty months fills us
all with hope that every stain on your freedom
will shortly be removed, and that the erasure of
that foul blot on Civilisation and Christianity
- chattel slavery - during your Presidency
will cause the name of Abraham Lincoln
to be honoured and revered by posterity.
We are certain that such a glorious
consum??ation will cement Great Britain
and the United States in close and enduring regards.......
On the right hand side of the plinth is the following inscription including Lincoln's Reply
This statue was unveiled by Arthur Mitchell,
Director of the Dance Theatre of Harlem,
on 13th November 1986 at the dedication of Lincoln Square.
Estates Director MEPC plc Chair of the Planning Committee
J.L. Tuckey Councillor Arnold Spencer
Sponsored by MEPC plc of Manchester
Abraham Lincoln Born 12th February 1809
Assassinated 15th April 1865
President of the U.S.A 1861-65
American Civil War 15th April 1861 to 9th April 1865
Extract of a letter to the working people
of Manchester 19th January 1863
I know and deeply deplore the suffering
which the working people of Manchester and in all Europe
are called to endure in this crisis.
It has been often and studiously represented
that the attempt to overthrow this government
was built on the foundation of human rights,
and to substitute for it one what should rest
exclusively on the basis of slavery,
was likely to obtain the favour of Europe.
Through the action of disloyal citizens
the working people of Europe have been subjected
to a severe trial for the purpose of forcing
their sanction to that attempt.
Under these circumstances I cannot but regard
your decisive utterances upon the question
as an instance of sublime christian heroism
which has not been surpassed in any age or in any country.
It is indeed an energetic and re-inspiring assurance
of the inherent truth and of the ultimate
and universal triumph of justice,
humanity and freedom.
I hail this interchange of sentiments therefore,
as an augury that whatever else may happen,
whatever misfortune may befall your country or my own,
the peace and friendship which now exists
between two nations will be as it shall be
my desire to make them, perpetual. Abraham Lincoln