English:
From webpages of CEZ group: www.cez.cz/en
The Temelín Nuclear Power Station is situated about 24 km away from Ceské Budejovice and 5 km from Týn nad Vltavou. Electricity is generated in two production units with VVER 1000 Type V 320 pressurized-water reactors. Process water is drawn from the Hnevkovice water reservoir on the river Vltava; it was built as a part of the power station project. The required quality of water is guaranteed by waste water treatment stations situated on the upper course of the river Vltava, namely at Vetrní, Ceský Krumlov and Ceské Budejovice. In spring 2003, the Temelín Nuclear Power Station, with its 2,000 MW of installed capacity, became the largest power resource in the Czech Republic.
Investment design of the construction has been issued in February 1979, the initial power station design was developed by Energoprojekt Prague in 1985, and construction of operating units was launched in 1987. After November 1989, under new political and economic conditions, it was decided to reduce number of production units to two only. In the course of a period of great uncertainty, the reduced but technologically updated construction has been completed, and in July 2000 the reactor has been loaded. On 21 December 2000, the 1st production unit has realized the first supply of electricity.
Technological schema of the power station corresponds to the latest world parameters. The entire primary circuit of the unit with nuclear reactor, four steam-generators, circulation pumps, etc. is located in fully pressurized reinforced concrete containment - hermetically enclosed protection envelope. In secondary circuit of the unit, there is situated a turbo-generator developing 1000 MW output. The reactor core contains 163 fuel assemblies, each with 312 fuel rods, and 61 regulating rods. Each steam-generator generates 1,470 tons of steam per hour with output pressure of 6,3 MPa and temperature 278,5°C. The turbine works at 3,000 revolutions per minute.
Our nuclear power stations with pressurized-water reactors are fuelled by UO2, uranium dioxide enriched by an average of 3.5 % of the fission isotope U235. The fuel for the Temelín Nuclear Power Station is supplied by the US company Westinghouse, which also supplies the new instrumentation and control system.
Thermal energy released by the controlled fission of the uranium U235 nuclei is removed from the reactor core by the demineralized water of the primary circuit to four heat exchangers - steam-generators. Heat generation in the reactor can be regulated by control rods, and by changing the boron concentration in the coolant. The cooling water, sealed under high pressure in the primary reactor circuit, circulates by means of four cooling loops with steam-generators and pumps. In the steam-generators, water of the closed primary circuit passes its heat into the steam turbine circuit, i.e.the secondary circuit.
The secondary circuit is also closed and filled with demineralized water. In the steam-generators, the secondary circuit water turns into steam which is then carried to the turbine. There are two such turbines in the power station, each powering a 1,000 MW alternator which generates electricity with 24 kV voltage. The entire turbine set for the Temelín Nuclear Power Station was made by Škoda Pilsen. Downstream from the turbine, the steam condenses back to water on the cool surface of titanium pipes in three condensers. Condensation heat is then removed from the steam by the cool water of the tertiary coolant circuit flowing through the condenser pipes. The circuit is then led out into four cooling towers where the tertiary circuit water is recooled by natural air flow. What remains and is released in the atmosphere is pure water vapor.
Important part of the safety operation is formed by a high professional level of personnel. For training of personnel, there has been built a full-range simulator of the unit control room situated in the area of the Temelín Nuclear Power Station. It is an exact mathematical model of the reactor as well as primary and secondary circuit's behavior that is fitted into the precise copy of the control hall of the reactor unit.
After 1990, there were made many alterations to the original design in the course of the construction ot the Temelín Nuclear Power Station. These alterations were intended to raise the power station’s reliability and safety to West-European standards. Since 1991, 21 in-service inspections were carried out by International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors in the power station, and recommendations focused on raising reliability and safety of the power station have been implemented in the course of its construction and putting into operation. Trial operation of the 1st production unit was started on 10 June 2002. The 2nd production unit started its trial operation on 18 April 2003. In 2003, the Temelín Nuclear Power Station produced 12,11 TWh of electricity and 13,4 TWh is planned to be produced in 2004. By putting both production units into trial operation, together with the Dukovany Nuclear Power Station, the share of CEZ Joint-Stock Company's nuclear resources in the country’s electricity production has increased to 42.5 % in 2003.
Detailed information about the Temelín Nuclear Power Station can be obtained in information centre that is situated in the reconstructed castle Vysoký Hrádek.
Cesky:
Citace ze stránky skupiny CEZ: www.cez.cz
Jaderná elektrárna Temelín leží približne 24 km od Ceských Budejovic a 5 km od Týna nad Vltavou. Elektrinu vyrábí ve dvou výrobních blocích s tlakovodními reaktory VVER 1000 typu V 320. Odber technologické vody je zajišten z vodního díla Hnevkovice na Vltave, jehož vybudování bylo soucástí výstavby elektrárny. Požadovanou kvalitu vody zarucují cisticky odpadních vod na horním toku Vltavy predevším ve Vetrní, Ceském Krumlove a Ceských Budejovicích. Na jare 2003 se temelínská elektrárna s instalovaným elektrickým výkonem 2000 MW stala nejvetším energetickým zdrojem Ceské republiky.
Investicní zámer stavby byl vydán v únoru 1979, úvodní projekt byl zpracován Energoprojektem Praha v roce 1985 a vlastní stavba provozních objektu byla zahájena v roce 1987. Po listopadu 1989 bylo v nových politických a ekonomických podmínkách rozhodnuto o snížení poctu bloku na dva. Pres období velkých nejistot byla redukovaná a v technologii modernizovaná stavba dokoncena a v cervenci 2000 bylo zavezeno palivo do reaktoru. 21. prosince 2000 vyrobil první blok první elektrinu.
Z historie elektrárny
O výstavbe jaderné elektrárny v lokalite Temelín bylo rozhodnuto po expertním výberu stavenište pro 4 bloky VVER 1000 v roce 1980. Investicní zámer stavby byl vydán již v únoru 1979, úvodní projekt 1. a 2. bloku byl generálním projektantem Energoprojektem (EGP) Praha zpracován v roce 1985. V roce 1982 byl uzavren kontrakt na dodávku sovetského technického projektu. Tento projekt zahrnoval reaktorovnu, budovu aktivních a pomocných provozu a budovy dieselgenerátorových stanic. Stavební povolení bylo vydáno v listopadu 1986. Vlastní stavba provozních objektu byla zahájena v únoru 1987, pricemž prípravné práce byly zahájeny na staveništi již v roce 1983. Již pred rokem 1990 byl puvodní sovetský projekt vylepšován ceskoslovenskými odborníky. Generálním dodavatelem byla akciová spolecnost Škoda Praha.
Po listopadu 1989 došlo v nových politických a predevším ekonomických podmínkách k prehodnocení potreby výkonu 4000 MW v Ceské republice. Vláda CR svým usnesením c. 103/93 z brezna 1993 rozhodla o dostavbe JE Temelín v rozsahu dvou bloku. Puvodní termíny dokoncení jednotlivých bloku vycházely z prubežné doby výstavby unifikovaného bloku 60 mesícu. Vzhledem k dodavatelským problémum a ke zmenám v politické a následne i hospodárské oblasti po roce 1989 byly termíny nekolikrát upraveny. Pres období velkých nejistot byla redukovaná a v technologii modernizovaná stavba dokoncena a v cervenci 2000 bylo zavezeno palivo do reaktoru. 21. prosince 2000 vyrobil první blok první elektrinu.
Jaderná elektrárna Temelín byla projektována a postavena tak, aby byla odolná vuci úcinkum, které mohou zpusobit nepríznivé vnejší jevy:
- klimatické úcinky (vítr, sníh, déšt, venkovní teplota),
- vnejší zátopy,
- dopad letících predmetu (vcetne letadel),
- tlakové vlny od explozí,
- zemetresení.