Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow - World Heritage Sites on Waymarking.com

Although the site may have been inhabited since about 500 BC, the first known Kremlin - the word means fortress - on the Borovitsky Hill above the Moscow River is attributed to Prince Yury Dolgoruky, who built the first wooden fort on the hill in 1147 AD. In succeeding centuries as the area expanded stone walls were replaced by the present 2.25km red brick wall with 19 towers. Inside are three gold domed Cathedrals, other churches, the great Kremlin palace, smaller palaces, office and congress buildings and numerous smaller structures.

Red Square, immediately outside the Kremlin eastern wall, is bounded on the east by the huge GUM store(now a collection of close to 1000 upscale shops), on the north by the towering Russian Revival red brick historical museum and on the south by the magnificent, and very colorful, St Basil's Cathedral. The Resurrection Gate, at the northeast corner is a 1995 reconstruction of the 1680 gate that was demolished in 1931 to allow heavy military equipment access to the square. Tanks and missiles no longer have room to enter for parades here.

Public entrance to the Kremlin is via a ticket office in Trinity Gate at the northwest side. Tour groups use the Southwest Borovitsky gate. Much of the area within the Kremlin walls is off limits to visitors but the major Cathedrals, churches and museums and most of the surrounding grounds are all open. In summer the area will be very crowded with tourists. Red Square may be visited any time.

Type: Site Reference number: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/545

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