[Cz] Slunecni elektrarny nepatri k nejstarsim, ale i presto se jedna o jeden z obnovitelnych zdroju elektricke energie. Ve sve podstate je Slunce majoritnim zdrojem energie na nasi planete, jelikoz nejen slunecni elektrarny, ale i pohyb vzduchu a vody, tvorba uhli a dalsi procesy jsou pohaneny prave energii ze Slunce. Prumerny Slunecni vykon dopadajici na zemsky povrch je cca 1kW/m2, pricemz tento vykon je jeste omezen periodickymi (den/noc, rocni obdobi) a neperiodickymi (mraky) chybami.
[En] Solar power plants are not the oldest power sources but it is one of the renewable power sources. The Sun is major power source on the earth (radiation, wind, coal creation and other processes are formed by energy from the Sun). An average Sun power on the Earth surface is about 1kW/m2. The power is moreover limited by periodical (day/night, seasons) and irregular (clouds) errors.
[Cz] Energie ze slunce je vyuzivana dvema hlavnimi zpusoby – primo a neprimo. Prima premena probiha nejcasteji v polovodicovych fotovoltaickych panelech vyrabejicich elektricky proud. Panely mohou byt bud monokrystalicke (obrazek nize vlevo), ty maji vyssi ucinost (okolo 30%) avsak pri zastineni panelu prestava energii vyrabet panel cely, a nebo polykrystalicke (obrazek nize vpravo), ty maji ucinnost znatelne nizsi (8% az 14%) avsak castecnym zastinenim dojde jen k castecnemu poklesu vykonu. Posledni, amorfni clanky, maji nejnizsi ucinnost a kratkou zivotnost, proto se prilis casto nevyuzivaji. Clanky v panelech davaji elektricke napeti kolem 0,5 V az 0,8 V, proto se musi radit za sebe (pripadne vedle sebe pro zvetseni proudu) a doplnuji se menicem napeti pro prizpusobeni vystupu rozvodne siti.
Neprime vyuziti spociva v premene energie slunce v kolektorech na tepelnou energii. Tyto elektrarny jsou mnohonasobne vykonnejsi. Nejjednodussi kolektory jsou prutokove (cerne trubky naplnene mediem) a ploche (deska slozena z malych trubicek). U nich se pohybuje prumerna ucinnost premeny energie okolo 50%. Ucinnejsi jsou kolektory vakuove, kde vakuum snizuje tepelne ztraty do okoli. Casto pouzivane jsou kolektory koncentracni (obrazek nahore), kde je energie pomoci pole otocnych zrcadel smerovana do jednoho bodu (slunecni pec). Tato monstrozni pole zrcadel jsou bezna predevsim na poustich, prevazne v USA (napriklad elektrarna Solar One spustena roku 1985 ohrivajici vodu na 560°C, vykon 12 MW az 30 MW a prumernou ucinnosti 6% az 17%).
[En] Sun energy is used directly or after conversion to other energy (e.g. thermal energy and steam turbines). Semiconductor solar cells are mainly used for the direct conversion. Electrons are released by incident photons and used for electrical current generation. Monocrystalic (the highest efficiency about 30%, left picture) or polycrystalic (efficiency below 15% but it can operate with diffusion light, right picture) solar cells are used. The solar cells create low voltage (about 0.5 V or 0.8 V). The cells are connected to the serial or parallel arrays for voltage or current increasing.
Indirect conversions (e.g. thermal collectors) deal with greater performances. Average efficiency can be greater than 50% for this energy sources. There are concentrating thermal collectors more used for energy creation (in the Sun furnaces is sun radiation concentrated by mirror arrays to the one hot point, picture above) by steam generators. These giant mirror arrays are dominantly used in the deserts. The Solar One power plant was started in 1985 in the USA (water is heated to the 560°C, generated power is between 12 MW and 30 MW and average efficiency is between 6% and 17%).
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[Cz] O prvnim vyuziti Slunecni energie vime od Archimeda, ktery pry dokazal lesklymi stity lucistniku zapalit rimske lode oblehajici Syrakusy. Jeden z rannych pokusu o vyuziti energie Slunce pochazi take ze svetove vystavy v Parizi v roce 1883, kde byl pomoci Sluncem vyrobene pary pohanen motor. Navrat k jiz praktickym slunecnim elektrarnam nastal v 60. letech 20. stoleti, kdy byly postaveny prvni slunecni pece pro taveni tezko tavitelnych materialu a posleze i na vyrobu elektriny. V dnesni dobe zaziva slunecni energie nevidany boom a to nejen z duvodu poklesu vyrobnich nakladu na solarni clanky, ale predevsim kvuli nemalym dotacim na „ekologicke“ zdroje elektricke energie.
[En] The first solar energy usage was described by Archimedes. He probably could ignite Roman boats besieging Syracuse (by shiny archer shields). One of the first attempts to real usage of the solar energy was realized on the World Exhibition in Paris in 1883. Solar power plants were rediscovered in the 60th in 20th century (the first solar furnaces used for metal smelting and later for the energy generation). Nowadays, there is a „solar energy boom“ because the prize of the solar cells were decreased and there are considerable grants for the „ecological“ power sources.
[Cz] Slunecni elektrarny se sice pysni oznacenim „Ekologicke“, ovsem podivame-li se na to nejen ze stranky exhalaci, pak zjistime ze vyroba fotovoltaickych clanku je znacne energeticky i ekologicky narocny proces. Dalsim faktorem je dopad na raz okolni krajiny, kdy pro ziskani maleho vykonu potrebujeme pokryt obrovskou plochu solarnimi panely. Jen pro srovnani, mala solarni elektrarna v arealu JE Dukovany vyrobi za 1 rok tolik energie, kolik dokaze samotna jaderna elektrarna vyrobit za 15s! Nehlede take na zivotnost clanku, ktera za svou dobu cinnosti sotva pokreje vyrobni naklady clanku. Dle meho nazoru se solarni elektrarny vyplati vytvaret na poustich, kde zadne okolni krajine nevadi, v odlehlych oblastech kde siroko daleko neni k dispozici jiny zdroj elektricke energie (mimo civilizaci a ve vesmiru) a nebo na strechach domu, kde pokryji jinak nevyuzitou zastavenou plochu. Diky premrstenym dotacim se navic ze slunecnich elektraren postupem casu stal stroj na „odklon“ financi ze statniho do soukromeho sektoru, coz urcite neni idealni reseni.
[En] Solar power plants are called “Ecological power sources” but creation of the solar cell is considerably more energy and environmentally-consuming process. Large solar cell fields can attack character of the surrounding landscape (we need large area for the small amount of power generation). For comparison, there is small solar power plant near Nuclear Power plant Dukovany which generate the same amount of energy but in 15 seconds (solar power plant needs 1 year). Solar power plants are good energy sources in the space, outlying areas, deserts and on the unused building roofs in my opinion. The solar energy became the procedure for ecology grants redirecting to the private sector and it is not good solution, I think.
[Cz] Kes samotna je umistena v blizkosti jedne z mnoha nove vzniklych malych solarnich elektraren na vychodnim konci obce Rouchovany. Mimo teto elektrarny lze jmenovat i dalsi v okoli JE Dukovany, Znojma, Moravskeho Krumlova, Mohelna, Oslavan, Unanova, Trebice a mnoha dalsich lokalit. Mimo to se s elektrarnami na strechach rodinnych domu muzete setkat temer na kazdem kroku.
[En] Cache is situated near the one of newly created small solar power plants at the east end of the Rouchovany village. We can see other new power plants near the Dukovany, Znojmo, Moravsky Krumlov, Mohelno, Oslavany, Unanov, Trebic and more cities. Moreover, we can see a lot of solar cells on the roofs.
[Cz] Kes je soucasti planovane mystery kese „Elektrarenska“. Tato mystery kes neni doposud v provozu, ale bonusove cislo pro budouci kes plati, takze si jej opiste, mate‑li zajem.
[En] The Cache is part of Mystery Cache „Elektrarenska“ which is recently planned. Today it’s not in service but the Bonus Number for it holds so keep it in your notes if you are interested.
[Cz] P.S. Timto bych chtel podekovat geotymu HaRaKa za pomoc s vytvarenim teto kese.
[En] Special thanks to the geoteam HaRaKa which helped with creating of this Cache.
Pouzite zdroje / References:
Velka kniha o energii, Plzen 2001, ISBN 80-238-6578-1