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Split je najveći grad u Dalmaciji, drugi po veličini grad u Hrvatskoj, prema posljednjem popisu stanovništva, provedenom 2011. godine Split ima 178.192 stanovnika, druga je po veličini hrvatska luka i treća luka na Mediteranu po broju putnika. Upravno je središte Splitsko-dalmatinske županije i gravitira mu područje triju najjužnijih hrvatskih županija (nekadašnja Zajednica općina Split), te dio Hercegovine, pa i Bosne. U luci Lori na sjevernoj strani poluotoka nalazi se sjedište Hrvatske ratne mornarice. Gradsko središte čini starovjekovna Dioklecijanova palača iz 4. stoljeća (pod UNESCO-vom zaštitom od 1979. godine), što je jedinstven primjer u svijetu.
Split je proslavio 1700. godina svoga postojanja, a kao nadnevak za jubilej uzima se godina početka gradnje Dioklecijanove palače (295.). Međutim, arheološki nalazi potvrđuju da je na mjestu današnjeg grada postojalo još starije ilirsko i grčko naselje.
Tijekom srednjeg vijeka Split je bio autonomna komuna, često mijenjajući vrhovne gospodare.
Od 1420. do 1797. godine bio je pod vrhovništvom Venecije, a tijekom 16. i 17. stoljeća bio je izložen turskim napadima. Poslije pada mletačke Republike (1797.), Split dolazi pod austrijsku, zatim kratkotrajnu francusku, a potom 1815. godine ponovno pod austrijsku vlast u sastavu koje ostaje, kao dio Kraljevine Dalmacije, do 1918. godine.
Poslije raspada Austro-Ugarske monarhije, zajedno sa većim dijelom Dalmacije, združio se s Hrvatskom u sastavu Kraljevine SHS (Jugoslavije). Veći razvitak grad ostvaruje nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, čemu ima zahvaliti zbog položaja glavne luke Kraljevine Jugoslavije, budući da su se Zadar, Rijeka i Pula nalazili pod talijanskom upravom, a hrvatski gospodarstvenici iz tih triju gradova i iz Trsta su nakon raspada Austro-Ugarske prebacili svoje poslove u Split.
Još intenzivniji gospodarski, urbanistički i populacijski razvoj ostvaruje za vrijeme SFRJ. Od 1991. godine u sastavu je samostalne i neovisne Republike Hrvatske.
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Split is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia. It lies on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, centred on the Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian. Spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings, Split's greater area includes the neighboring seaside towns as well. An intraregional transport hub and popular tourist destination, the city is a link to numerous Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula.
Split is one of the oldest cities in the area. While traditionally considered just over 1,700 years old, counting from the construction of Diocletian's Palace in 305 CE, the city was in fact founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) in the 4th century BC, about 2,400 years ago. It became a prominent settlement around 650 AD, when it succeeded the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, Salona: as after the Sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs, the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by the Roman refugees. Split became a Byzantine city, to later gradually drift into the sphere of the Byzantine vassal, the Republic of Venice, and the Croatian Kingdom, with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty. For much of the High and Late Middle Ages, Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city, caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and the king of Hungary for control over the Dalmatian cities.
Venice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city, a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory. Eventually, its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699, and in 1796, as Venice fell to Napoleon, the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1805, the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, and in 1809, after the Treaty of Schönbrunn, it was included directly in the French Empire, as part of the Illyrian Provinces. After Napoleon's defeat in 1814, it was eventually granted to the Austrian Empire, where the city remained a part of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia until the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and the formation of Yugoslavia. During World War II, the city was annexed by Italy, then liberated by the Partisans after the Italian capitulation in 1943. It was then re-occupied by Germany, which granted it to its puppet Independent State of Croatia. The city was liberated again by the Partisans in 1944, and was included in the post-war Federal Yugoslavia, as part of its republic of Croatia. In 1991 Croatia seceded from Yugoslavia amid the Croatian War of Independence.