The following information is from the Meteor Crater web site.
Meteor Crater, Arizona: There is a hushed stillness in the air, like the warning before an impending violent storm or earth tremor. Your attention turns to an unfamiliar rumbling sound in the distant sky. The magnitude rapidly increases to a deafening roar and the sky turnings to a blinding white glare. Then your unbelieving eyes see the massive meteor, half the size of a football field, hurtling overhead at 40,000 mph just seconds before its devastating impact with planet Earth. All plants and animal life are instantly annihilated as far as the eye can see. Millions of tons of rocky soil are spewed in every direction with an explosive force of 15 hydrogen bombs, as the meteoric mass quickly vaporizes into a plume of gases. Only a 700 foot deep gaping abyss remains in the desert floor. This is Ground Zero. 50,000 years ago, a huge iron-nickel meteorite, hurtling at about 40,000 miles per hour, struck the rocky plain of Northern Arizona with an explosive force greater than 20 million tons of TNT. The meteorite estimated to have been about 150 feet across and weighing several hundred thousand tons, in less than a few seconds, left a crater 700 feet deep and over 4000 feet across. Large blocks of limestone, some the size of small houses were heaved onto the rim. Flat-lying beds of rock in the crater walls were overturned in fractions of a second and uplifted permanently as much as 150 feet.
Today the crater is 550 feet deep, and 2.4 miles in circumference. Twenty football games could be played simultaneously on its floor, while more than two million spectators observed from its sloping sides.
In 1902, Daniel Moreau Barringer, a Philadelphia mining engineer, became interested in the site as a potential source for mining iron. He later visited the crater and was convinced that it had been formed by the impact of a large iron meteorite. He further assumed that this body was buried beneath the crater floor. Barringer was correct. The crater was formed by a meteorite impact, but what he did not know was that the meteorite underwent total disintegration during impact through vaporization, melting and fragmentation.
In 1903, he formed the Standard Iron Company and had four placer mining claims filed with the federal Government, thus obtaining the patents and ownership of the two square miles containing the crater. Barringer spent the next 26 years attempting to find what he believed would be the giant iron meteorite. Barringer never found what he was looking for, but did eventually prove to the scientific community that the crater was the site of a meteorite impact.
The topographical terrain of Meteor Crater so closely resembles that of the Earth's moon and other planets, NASA designated it as one of the official training sites for the Apollo Astronauts. The U.S. Government deemed the crater a Natural Landmark in 1968.
Meteor Crater's Visitors Center includes the Museum of Astrogeology and an Astronaut Hall of Fame, gift shop and snack bar. Meteor Crater's Museum of Astrogeology provides visitors with a casual self-guided tour of exhibits and video presentations vividly portraying how the meteorite impacted, the devastation that resulted, and the significant role that the Crater plays in the study of earth and space sciences. A 1,406-lb. meteorite, the largest ever found in the area, is on display for visitors to view and touch. You can view the crater from three different look-out points, and a guided rim trail hike, weather permitting, is included in the price of admission, which runs daily from 9:00 am to 2:00 p.m.
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