Ulica Dolac (Teatro Fenice, Casa Veneziana, Zgrada Sveučilišne knjižnice, Izložba "Glagoljica", Muzej moderne i suvremene umjetnosti)
Teatro Fenice
Velika secesijska građevina Teatra Fenice kakvu danas znamo potječe iz 1914. i nasljednik je istovrsna starijeg, skromnijeg objekta. S novom zgradom, Rijeka je dobila zabavni centar koji je uključivao kazalište, varijete, kasino, koncertnu dvoranu, društvene prostorije i stambeni prostor. Velika dvorana Teatra mogla je primiti dvije tisuće gledatelja. Tomu valja dodati prostor ispod nje, prvotno nazvan Sala bianca. Teatro Fenice izgrađen je kao najveća kinematografska sala i kao najveće kazališno zadnje u Hrvatskoj i širem okruženju. Arhitektonski ga potpisuju Theodor Träxler (učenik Otta Wagnera) i Eugenio Celligoi. To je prvo veliko europsko kazalište s nosivom konstrukcijom od armiranog betona. Uz elemente secesije, Teatro je ponudio oku protokubističke i futurističke elemente, a izdvojen položaj uz prugu i daje mu ponešto od metafizičkog ugođaja.
Casa Veneziana
Palača Roberta Whiteheada (izumitelja torpeda, zajedno s Giovannijem Luppisom), prozvana je Venecijanskom kućom zbog arhitektonskih asocijacija na venecijansku gotiku. Izgrađena je 1888. godine. Uz nju, palača u Ulici Dolac uključuje elemente još nekih povijesnih stilova, poput visoke renesanse i bečkog baroka. Za tu vrstu kozmopolitizma zaslužan je potkraj 19. stojeća arhitekt Giacomo Zammattio, nadovezujući se na Whiteheadovu želju za pretvaranjem Rijeke u kozmopolitsko središte. Bila je to i želja gradonačelnika Ciotte. Whitehead je uložio kapital u izgradnju još tri stambene zgrade u toj ulici. Jedan od poticaja bio mu je velik porast broja stanovnika u gradu koji je grabio naprijed, posebno administrativnog osoblja. Ulica je na jednom kraju dobila velebnu zgradu Osnovne škole za dječake (danas Liceo), na drugom kraju veliku zgradu Osnovne škole za djevojčice (danas Sveučilišna knjižnica).
Zgrada Sveučilišne knjižnice
Zgrada u kojoj je danas Sveučilišna knjižnica građena je za potrebe školstva jer je prostor privatne kuće u obližnjoj, nekadašnjoj ulici Via St. Andres, sada Barčićevoj, postao pretijesnim za potrebe ženske osmogodišnje građanske škole (La scuola cittadina femminile di otto classi).
Kako je krajem 19. st. cijelu novootvorenu ulicu Dolac urbanistički i athitektonski projektirao tršćanski arhitekt Giacomo Zammatio, tako je 1885. zacrtao na samom početku Dolca i trokatnu uglovnicu za potrebe tadašnje nove ženske građanske škole. Godine 1886. građevno poduzeće Depangher & Botta započinje gradnju školske zgrade u tadašnjoj ulici Via Clotilde inferiore (danas Dolac 1), koja je imala tri vidljiva pročelja, s dva ulazna portala na najdužem, sjevernom pročelju. Zgrada je dovršena 1887., što je vidljivo istaknuto na reljefu kartuše najgornje etaže zapadnog pročelja.
Dekorativni i vizualni naglasak glavnog pročelja je na centralnom rizalitu drugog kata (piano nobile), bogatije ukrašenog i dinamiziranog nizom velikih lučnih prozora među kojima su rustični polustupovi. Tu je nekad bila glavna svečana dvorana ukrašena slikama i štukaturama.
Ulazni rizalit je zaključen atikom s okulusima i udvojenim pilastrima, što se jedva može vidjeti iz perspektive prolaznika zbog tijesne ulice.
9. siječnja 1888. upriličena je inauguracija nove školske zgrade, opremljene u skladu s visokim talijanskim standardima koji su vladali u prosvjetnim ustanovama toga vremena. Niži razredi bili su smješteni u prizemlju i na prvom katu, a viši razredi ili Građanska ženska škola na drugom i trećem.
Ubrzo, 1902. dolazi do dogradnje istočnog krila za još pet prozorskih osi odvojenih rustičnim stupovima,koju izvodi riječki arhitekt Giovanni Rubinich, dajući zgradi današnji izgled.
Krajem Drugog svjetskog rata zgrada je pretrpjela znatna razaranja u bombardiranju, a najveću štetu je prouzročio požar uništivši gotovo cijelu unutrašnjost. No, izgradnjom unutarnje konstrukcije i novog trokrakog stubišta po uzoru na staro, zgrada je ponovo osposobljena za uporabu sredinom pedesetih godina za obavljanje kulturno-prosvjetnog poslanja, a otada se u njoj smjestila knjižnična i muzejsko-galerijska djelatnost.
Izložba „Glagoljica“
Izložba glagoljice u Sveučilišnoj knjižnici stalni je postav sa 127 eksponata koji govore priču o protežnosti i važnosti toga pisma u hrvatskoj i europskoj kulturnoj povijesti. Pismo je rođeno u 9. stoljeću i namijenjeno Slavenima, a njegovi su tvorci Konstantin (upamćen kao Ćiril), i njegov stariji brat Metod. Glagoljica je najduže opstala na hrvatskom tlu. Od 12. stoljeća izrasla je u hrvatsko nacionalno pismo. Izložba svjedoči kako je Rijeka zemljopisna i kulturološka točka u kojoj se dodiruje snažna glagoljska tradicija najbližeg okruženja. Tu su odljevci zapisa na kamenu, fotografska povećanja književnih i pravnih tekstova, te zapisa na freskama. Također se mogu vidjeti glagoljske tiskane knjige i portreti zaslužnih tiskara, poput srednjovjekovnoga riječkog tiskara Šimuna Kožičića Benje.
Muzej moderne i suvremene umjetnosti
Muzej ima korijene u Galeriji likovnih umjetnosti, osnovanoj 1948. Šest godina potom pokrenut će Salon 1954 – Izložbu suvremenog kiparstva i slikarstva u FNRJ. To je prva skupna izložba suvremene likovne produkcije tadašnje države. Godine 1960. pokreće Biennale mladih, 1968. Međunarodnu izložbu originalnog crteža, od 1990. predstavlja hrvatske umjetnike na Biennalima mladih Europe i Mediterana. Ustanova je 1962. preimenovana u Modernu galeriju Rijeka, a 2003. u Muzej moderne i suvremene umjetnosti. Očekujući preseljenje u kompleks bivše Rafinerije šećera, Muzej radi na nekoliko zbirki. To su zbirke radova domaćih umjetnika Božidara Rašice, Romola Venuccija i Slavka Grčka, te zbirke crteža, grafike, skulptura, plakata, slikarstva, fotografija i medijske umjetnosti. Izlagačke aktivnosti odvijaju se u Ulici Dolac, te u Malom salonu, na Korzu.
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Dolac Street (Venetian House, University Library building, “Glagolitic Alphabet” exhibition, Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Teatro Fenice)
Teatro Fenice
The large Art Nouveau building of the Teatro Fenice as we know it today dates back to 1914 and is the successor of the similar older and more modest facility. With the later building, Rijeka got an entertainment centre which included the theatre, variety shows, a casino, a concert hall, social rooms and a residential area. The large Teatro hall could host up to two thousand spectators. In addition, there is an area below, initially known as the Sala Bianca. At the time the Teatro Fenice was built, it was the largest cinema hall as well as the largest theatre building in Croatia and in the surrounding area. It was designed by architects Theodor Träxler (Otto Wagner's pupil) and Eugenio Celligoi. It was the first big European theatre with a supporting structure made of reinforced concrete. Besides its Art Nouveau elements, the Teatro offered Proto-Cubist and futuristic elements and its separated position by the railway line gave it a rather metaphysical atmosphere.
Venetian House
The palazzo belonging to Robert Whitehead, (inventor of the torpedo, together with Giovanni Luppis) was nominated a Venetian House thanks to its architectonic associations with the Venetian Gothic. It was built in 1888. Beside it, the palace in Dolac Street also includes elements of other past styles, such as High Renaissance and Viennese Baroque. The architect, Giacomo Zammattio was responsible for this type of cosmopolitism at the end of the 19th century, following Whitehead’s wish to turn Rijeka into a cosmopolitan centre. It was also the wish of mayor Ciotta. Whitehead invested capital in the construction of another three residential buildings in that street. One of his stimulations was the large increase in the number of inhabitants in the city which was growing day by day, and especially the increase in number of the administration staff. On one end, the street received the magnificent building of the Elementary School for boys (today’s Liceo) whilst at the other, was the large building for the Elementary School for girls (today’s University Library).
University Library Building
The building in which the University Library is located today was built for educational needs when the private house in the nearby Via St. Andres Street (today called the Barčić Street) became too small for the needs of the eight-year girls’ civil school (La scuola cittadina femminile di otto classi).
As the Trieste architect Giacomo Zammatio was designing the entire newly opened street of Dolac in terms of urban development and architecture in late 19th century, in 1885, he also included a three-story corner building at the very beginning of Dolac, intended for the needs of the new girls’ civil school of the time. In 1886, the civil engineering company Depangher & Botta started the construction of the school building in the Via Clotilde inferiore Street (currently Dolac 1), which had three visible façades, with two entry portals on the longest, northern façade. The building was completed in 1887, which is visibly inscribed on the relief plate on the western façade’s top story.
The decorative and visual emphasis of the main façade is on the central avant-corps of the second story (piano nobile), which is luxuriously decorated and dynamised with a series of large arched windows divided by rustic pilasters. This used to be the location of the main ceremonial hall decorated with pictures and stuccos.
The entrance avant-corps is rounded up with an attica containing oculi and twin pilasters, which is barely visible from the perspective of the passer-by on the narrow street.
The new school, having met the high Italian standards dominant in the educational institutions of the time, was inaugurated on 9 January 1888. The lower grades were located on the ground floor and 1st floor, while the higher grades or the Civil Girls’ School were located on the 2nd and 3rd floors.
Soon, in 1902, the east wing was annexed by five more window axes separated by rustic columns, designed by the Rijeka architect Giovanni Rubinich, giving the building its current appearance.
At the end of World War II, the building suffered destruction in bombing, and most damage was caused by the fire that destroyed almost the entire interior. However, after rebuilding the internal structure and the new three-way staircase modelled after the old one, the building was once again restored in mid-1950s to be used for cultural and educational activities. Since then, it has been the venue for library, museum and gallery activities.
“Glagolitic Alphabet” exhibition
The Glagolitic alphabet exhibition at the University Library is a permanent exhibition with 127 items telling the story about the extensity and importance of this script in Croatian and European cultural history. The alphabet was created in the 9th century and was dedicated to the Slavic peoples. Its creators were Constantine (known as Cyril) and his older brother Methodius. The Glagolitic alphabet survived the longest in the Croatian territory. In 12th century, it developed into the Croatian national alphabet. The exhibition proves that Rijeka was a geographical and cultural point linking the powerful Glagolitic traditions of the local areas. It features castings of stone inscriptions, photographs of enlarged literary and legal texts, and inscriptions on frescoes, as well as books published in the Glagolitic alphabet and portraits of renowned publishers, such as the medieval Rijeka printer Šimun Kožičić Benja.
Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art
The Museum has its roots in the Fine Arts Gallery founded in 1948. Six years later, the 1954 Salon was founded – the Exhibition of Contemporary Sculpture and Painting in the Federal National Republic of Yugoslavia (FNRY). This was the first joint exhibition of the modern fine arts production in the former state. In 1960, the venue started the Biennale of Young Artists, and in 1968 it presented the International Exhibition of Original Drawings. Since 1990, it has been presenting Croatian artists at the European and Mediterranean Biennale of Young Artists. In 1962 the institution changed its name to the Rijeka Modern Gallery and in 2003 to the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. Expecting the relocation to the complex of former sugar refinery, the Museum is working on several collections. These are the collections of works by national artists Božidar Rašica, Romolo Venucci and Slavko Grčko, as well as collections of drawings, graphics, sculptures, posters, paintings, photographs and media art. The exhibitions take place in Dolac Street as well as in Mali salon on Korzo.
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