Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš
Rođen je 1. studenog srpnja / 13. studenoga 1813 Greg. u Njeguši, Crna Gora; † 19. listopada jul 1851. / 31. listopada, Greg. U Cetinju, (Crna Gora) jenajvažniji pjesnik i Crne Gore s najvažnijim pjesnikom Srpski govornog područja. Njegova epska poezija i preselio se na granici između herojske i građanske ere pod različitim utjecajem narodne pjesme i slavenske klasicizma. Gorski vijenac (Gorski Vijenac), epska s jakim pjesničke izražajnosti u lirskih, koja pripovijeda oslobodilačku borbu Srba protiv Turaka, smatraremek-djelom južnoslavenske književnosti. On je također napisao lažnog cara, ŠćepanMali, bakljom mikrokozmosa, itd.
Njegoš administrativno staviti temelji moderne države u Crnoj Gori. Rođen je pod imenom Radivoja ("Rade") Tomov Petrović, Petar II proveo mladost u središnjem području Crne Gore patrijarhata. Od 1827 on je odgojen od strane srpskog pjesnika Sima Milutinovića Sarajlije, kasnije Njegoš razvija kao samouki.
Kad je 1830, kao nasljednik njegova strica Vladik Petra I. postao je duhovni i privremena vlast, a princ - biskup Crne Gore u Cetinju je, uzeo je ime svog prethodnika. Pokušavajući učvrstiti autoritet države razbio Petar II u bezobzirni pristup, moć šefova klana. Pod njegovom vlašću, pojavila se u Crnoj Gor , državnih institucija, Senat, upravnim tijelima, agencijama za provedbu zakona. On je uveo porez i osnovana u 1843 i prva škola u Crnoj Gori.
On je učvrstila i obnovili članstvo Crne Gore u srpskom narodu nakon dugog odvajanja od turske vladavine. Uz pomoć Rusije Petra II pokušao osigurati svoju zemlju od Turaka.
Od jednog od njegovih putovanja u Rusiju (1833) od princa - biskupa Crne Gore donijela je uređaj za ispis i tako osnovao u Cetinju tiskare u svojim prvim radovima, a također iknjiževni almanah, a prvi crnogorski udžbenici su tiskani.
1851 Petar II bio jeiznenadan, uzrokovan smrću bolesti pluća. Njegovi posmrtni ostaci odmoriti na druga najviša planina nacionalnog parka Lovćen - Jezerski vrh (1.657 m) u mauzolej.
Najviša planina u Nacionalnom parku Lovćen,1.748 m visoki Stirovnik, je lako prepoznati po vojnom zračnom šumi.
English
Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš
Born November 1, jul. / November 13, 1813 by greg. in Njeguši, Montenegro; † October 19 jul. / October 31, 1851 by greg. In Cetinje (Montenegro) is the most important poet of Montenegro and with the most important poet of the Serbian - speaking world. His epic and poetry moved on the border between heroic and civic era under varying influence of folk poetry and Slavic classicism. The MOUNTAIN WREATH (Gorski Vijenac), an epic with a strong poetic expressiveness in lyrical passages, which recounts the liberation struggle of the Serbs against the Turks, is considered a masterpiece of the South Slavic literature. He also wrote The False Tsar, Šćepan the Small, The Torch of the microcosm, etc.
Njegoš administrative put the foundations of a modern state in Montenegro. Born under the name Radivoje ("Rade") Tomov Petrović, Petar II spent his youth in the core area of the Montenegrin patriarchy. Since 1827 he has been brought up by the Serbian poet Sima Milutinovic Sarajlija, later Njegoš developed as an autodidact. When he in 1830 as successor to his uncle Vladik Petar I. became the spiritual and temporal power, and Prince-Bishop of Montenegro in Cetinje was, he took the name of his predecessor. Trying to consolidate the authority of the state broke Petar II in reckless approach, the power of the clan chiefs.
Under his rule, emerged in Montenegro, the state institutions, the Senate, the administrative authorities, law enforcement agencies. He introduced taxes and founded in 1843 the first school in Montenegro.
He solidified and renewed the membership of Montenegro to the Serbian nation after a long separation by Ottoman rule. With the help of Russia's Peter II tried to secure his country against the Turks. From one of his trips to Russia (1833) of the Prince-Bishop of Montenegro brought a printing device and thus founded in Cetinje a print shop in his first works, in addition also a literary almanac, and the first Montenegrin textbooks were printed.
1851 Peter II was a sudden, caused by a lung disease death. His remains rest at the second highest mountain of the Lovćen National Park - Jezerski vrh (1,657 m) in a mausoleum.
The highest mountain of the Lovćen National Park, the 1,748 m high Stirovnik, is easily recognized by its military aerial forest.
Deutsch
Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš
* 1. November jul./ 13. November 1813 greg. in Njeguši, Montenegro; † 19. Oktober jul./ 31. Oktober 1851 greg. In Cetinje, (Montenegro) ist der bedeutendste Dichter Montenegros und mit der bedeutendste Dichter des serbischen Sprachraums. Seine Epik und Dichtung bewegte sich an der Grenze zwischen heroischem und bürgerlichem Zeitalter unter wechselndem Einfluss von Volksdichtung und slawischen Klassizismus. Der BERGKRANZ (Gorski vijenac), ein Epos mit starker poetischer Ausdruckskraft in lyrischen Partien, das den Befreiungskampf der Serben gegen die Türken schildert, gilt als ein Hauptwerk der südslawischen Literatur. Er schrieb auch Der falsche Zar, Šćepan der Kleine, Die Fackel des Mikrokosmos, etc.
Njegoš legte administrativ die Grundlagen für einen modernen Staat in Montenegro. Geboren unter dem Namen Radivoje („Rade“) Tomov Petrović, verbrachte Petar II. seine Jugend im Kerngebiet der montenegrinischen Patriarchalität. Seit 1827 wurde er vom serbischen Dichter Sima Milutinović Sarajlija erzogen, später entwickelte sich Njegoš als Autodidakt.
Als er 1830 als Nachfolger seines Onkels Vladik Petar I. die geistliche und weltliche Macht erlangte und Fürstbischof von Montenegro in Cetinje wurde, übernahm er den Vornamen seines Vorgängers. Bemüht um die Festigung der Staatsautorität brach Petar II. in rücksichtsloser Vorgehensweise die Macht der Clanhäuptlinge.
Unter seiner Herrschaft entstanden in Montenegro die staatlichen Institutionen, der Senat, die Verwaltungsbehörden, Vollzugsbehörden. Er führte Steuern ein und gründete 1843 die erste Schule in Montenegro.
Er verfestigte und erneuerte die Zugehörigkeit Montenegros zur serbischen Nation nach langer Trennung durch osmanische Herrschaft. Mit Hilfe Russlands versuchte Peter II. sein Land gegen die Türken zu sichern.
Von einer seiner Reisen nach Russland (1833) brachte der Fürstbischof von Montenegro eine Druckerei-Einrichtung mit und gründete damit in Cetinje eine Druckerei, in der seine ersten Werke, daneben auch ein literarischer Almanach und die ersten montenegrinischen Schulbücher gedruckt wurden.
1851 fand Peter II. einen plötzlichen, durch ein Lungenleiden bedingten Tod. Seine Gebeine ruhen am zweithöchster Berg des Lovćen Nationalparkes – Jezerski vrh (1.657 m) in einem Mausoleum.
Der höchste Berg des des Lovćen Nationalparkes, der 1.748 m hohe Stirovnik, ist leicht zu erkennen an seinem militärischen Antennenwald.