VINTGAR EarthCache
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SLO: NALOGE ZA VPIS:
Soteska je za obiskovalce odprta od začetka aprila do konca oktobra, vsak dan od 8.00 do 19.00. Koordinate zemeljskega zaklada se nahajajo na javni poti med Blejsko Dobravo in hribom Hom, pred vstopom v Triglavski narodni park, kamor spada soteska Vintgar. Za reševanje nalog vam ni potrebno vstopati v sotesko, niti plačati vstopnine.
1. Na tabli pred vstopom v sotesko preberite katere erozijske oblike so naštete in poiščite še kakšno več v tekstu zgoraj. Katere erozijske oblike so omenjene: a) na tabli pred sotesko, b) v zgornjem tekstu?
2. Na koordinatah zemeljskega zaklada, z mostu nad slapom Šum opazujte strugo reke Radovne in okolico. Ne spreglejte tudi skal pod slapom. Katera erozijska procesa in posledice le teh opazite?
3. Pod slapom Šum se nahaja najstarejša še delujoča hidroelektrarna v Sloveniji, z zajemom vode v spodnjem delu soteske, pod železniškim mostom. Pretok skozi njo je 4,2 m3/sek. Po podatkih Meteorološkega inštituta Ljubljana je povprečen pretok reke Radovne od 1933 leta 8,36 m3/sek. Kakšen je po vašem mnenju vpliv HE Vintgar na erozijo v spodnjem delu soteske?
4. Dodatna, neobvezna naloga: Fotografirajte sebe ali GPS sprejemnik na koordinatah zemeljskega zaklada in prosim fotografijo dodajte vpisu na spletni strani.
POMEMBNO!
- Odgovore pošljite na e-pošto, ki jo dobite tako, da preštejete število stopnic, ki vodijo od parkirišča PP do brunarice (Ob njem je tovorno dvigalo). Mail je torej vintgar.(število stopnic)@gmail.com. Takoj zatem lahko logirate svojo najdbo. Zelo so zaželjene tudi vaše fotografije.
- Vpisi brez ustrezne spremljajoce e-poste, ki vsebuje pravilne odgovore bodo izbrisani.
- Vpisi, ki vsebujejo odgovor bodo izbrisani.
Soteska je zaprta do spomladi, obisk earth cacha pa vseeno mogoč. Na vprašanje 1a vam ni potrebno odgovarjati.
A gorge is closed until spring, but earth cach visiting is still possible. On question 1a you don't need to answer.
ENG: TASK FOR ENTRY:
A gorge is opened for visitors by a beginning of April until an end in October, every day from 8.00 to 19.00. Coordinates of Earth Cache are located on the public trail between village Blejska Dobrava and hill Hom, before entrance in Triglav national park, where gorge Vintgar is placed. To solving tasks you don't need to enter into the gorge and don't need to pay entrance fee.
1. On the board before entering the gorge read which erosion forms are listed and find even more in text above. What erosional forms are mentioned: a) on the board and b) which else can you found in the text above? Since there is no english board any more, you can skip question a).
2. On the coordinates of Earth cache from the bridge over the waterfall watch the river Radovna and its surrounding area. Do not overlook rocks below the waterfall. What two erosions processes and consequences you notice?
3. Below the waterfall is the oldest operating hydroelectric plant in Slovenia, by capturing the water in the lower part of the gorge, under the railway bridge. Flow through it is 4.2 m3/sec. According to the data Meteorological Institute Ljubljana since year 1933, the average flow of the river Radovna is 8.36 m3/sec. What do you think is the impact of hydroelectric plant to erosion in the lower part of gorge?
4. Additional, optional task: Take a picture yourself or GPS receiver on coordinates of Earth cache and please add photograph to your entry on web page.
IMPORTANT!
- Answers should be sent by e-mail, which you can get by counting the number of steps leading from the parking lot PP to the cottage (Next to it is a freight elevator). Mail is so vintgar.(Number of steps) @ gmail.com. Immediately after you can log your find. They are highly desired your photos too.
- Logs without an accompanying e-mail containing correct answers will be deleted.
- Logs containing the answer will be deleted.
Blejski vintgar je 1600 m dolga in do 250 m globoka slikovita soteska gorske reke Radovne na vzhodnem robu Triglavskega narodnega parka, 4 km severozahodno od središča Bleda.
Slika 1, Zemljevid Vintgarja iz leta 1899
Slika 2, Blejski vintgar z Ajdne v Karavankah. Preboj Radovne na vzhodnem robu Mežakle (Hom, 834 m, levo in Boršt, 931 m, desno). Zadaj je poseljeni Gorjanski kot in nad njim Pokljuka, spredaj Blejska Dobrava.
Hidrološki in geomorfološki pomen: Izoblikovala jo je gorska reka Radovna, ki se kmalu po izhodu iz soteske kot desni pritok izliva v Savo Dolinko. Povirje Radovne je v dolinah Krmi in Kotu v Triglavskem pogorju, vode pa zbira tudi s severnega dela Pokljuke in z Mežakle. Njena dolina nad Vintgarjem je dolga 19 km. Radovna je prvotno odtekala naravnost na jug proti blejski kotanji, v predzadnji ledeni dobi pa je Blejski kot zapolnjeval Bohinjski ledenik, zato se je bil Radovenski ledenik pri Krnici prisiljen preusmeriti proti severovzhodu. Ko se je na začetku medledene dobe, ki je sledila, led umikal, so iz njega tekoče vode zapolnile kotanjo severozahodno od Bleda. Jezero je bilo globoko od 100 do 120 m. Sledilo je njegovo postopno odtekanje in zasipanje s prodom in kredo. Pred vhodom v sotesko, v Leskah, se je potem tod tekoča Radovna najprej zajedla v lastne nasutine in v jezersko kredo, med Homom (834 m) in Borštom (931 m) na jugovzhodnem robu Mežakle pa se je zarezala v mehko oligocensko sivico. Pod njo je pozneje naletela na trdi temni ploščasti in skladoviti srednjetriasni apnenec z rožencem, ki je pod vplivom tektonike rahlo naguban. Globinska erozija je bila zaradi velikega vodnega padca izredno intenzivna; hkrati je potekalo neotektonsko dviganje apnenčastega bloka na eni in grezanje Ljubljanske kotline na drugi strani. Do konca zadnje medledene dobe je Radovna izdolbla dve tretjini od celotne globine soteske, po koncu zadnje ledene dobe pred 10.000 leti pa še tretjino. Vintgar je ozka tesen s strmimi, marsikje navpičnimi stenami. V najožjem delu, Peklu, je široka le nekaj metrov. Stene korit so visoke od 50 do 100 m, pobočja nad njimi pa segajo še 100 m višje in se razmikajo. Vintgar je pravzaprav občno ime za tako oblikovano kanjonsko sotesko. Deroča voda med vrtinčenjem, padanjem prek pragov v brzicah ali skakavcih in v slapovih tako v skalnem dnu kot v stenah ustvarja najrazličnejše erozijske oblike: erozijske lonce ali draslje, tolmune in vdolbine ali fasete. Učinek rečne vode je še večji, ker se v njej vrtinčijo tudi pesek, grušč ali celo manjše skale. Lepa primerka erozijskih loncev v zgornjem delu soteske sta Velika in Mala draslja. Po Badjuri se draslja imenuje po »zdraksljanem« oziroma olupljenem hlodu, ki zaide v tak lonec. Ker območje soteske sestavljajo tudi prepustne karbonatne kamnine, je tu na delu tudi kemična erozija oziroma korozija. Izoblikovala se je celo podzemna Jama v Blejskem vintgarju. Soteska se končuje ob prehodu na mehko oligocensko sivico, ki je prekrita s prodom, ponekod sprijetim v konglomerat. Geološko mejo označuje slap Šum, ki s 13 m vodnega padca velja za največji slovenski rečni slap. Veličasten je tudi Mali slap sredi soteske. Vintgar je torej nastajal na tri načine: z epigenezo – vrezovanjem v lastne nasutine in nasutine jezera, z antecendenco – vrezovanjem v dvigajočo se skalno gmoto, in z zadenjsko erozijo, ki napreduje od spodaj, od slapa Šuma navzgor.
Slika 3, Kanjonska soteska je v najožjem delu, Peklu, široka le nekaj metrov. Stene korit so visoke 50 do 100 m, pobocja nad njimi pa segajo še 100 m višje in se razmikajo.
Slika 4, 5, 6
Kulturni pomen: Do leta 1891 je bila soteska popolnoma nedostopna in neznana. Tedaj sta se ob izjemno nizkem vodostaju Radovne vanjo odpravila gorjanski župan Jakob Žumer in blejski fotograf ter kartograf Benedikt Lergetporer. Leta 1893 so z izrednimi napori zgradili več kot 500 m mostov in galerij, ki so omogočili turistični obisk soteske. V njenem najbolj izrazitem delu se po odkritelju imenujejo Žumrove galerije, posvečena pa mu je tudi spominska plošča v tamkajšnji steni. Med človekovimi stvaritvami zaslužita pozornost kamnit enoločni most bohinjske železnice, zgrajene leta 1906, ki 33,5 m nad potjo preči sotesko v širini 53 m ter jez, od koder je večina vode speljana po cevi do male hidroelektrarne Vintgar pod Šumom, iz leta 1904 (Mala HE Vintgar ). Narejena je bila zaradi gradnje 7.976 metrov dolgega železniškega predora Hrušica. Ime vintgar naj bi po eni razlagi izviralo iz nemškega Weingarten; (po vinogradih v bližnjem Podhomu), po drugi naj bi nastalo, ker prerez soteske spominja na vinski kozarec. Po Blejskem vintgarju so dobile ime tudi druge podobne soteske v Sloveniji (Iški vintgar, Ribniški vintgar nad Srednjo vasjo v Bohinju, Bistriški vintgar pri Slovenskih Konjicah). Nenazadnje pa se celo železniška postaja Blejska Dobrava imenuje Vintgar.
Viri: Slika 1:''dom in svet'' 1899, št.9.; Video: HribiNet's channel, www.slovenia.info, Uradni slovenski turistični informacijski portal; Slika 360°: http://www.slovenia.info/si/ogledi/Ogledna-pot-po-Blejskem-vintgarju.htm?ogledi=66&lng=1; Slika 2, 3: Miha Pavšek; Slika 4: tao&wuwei pictureslovenia.com; Slika 5: Scott Lunt; Slika 6: Mike Marnell, Vintgar gorge Slovenia; Topole, M. 2010: Vintgar. DEDI - digitalna enciklopedija naravne in kulturne dediščine na Slovenskem; Hidrološki podatki: Meteorološki inštitut Ljubljana
ENGLISH VERSION:
Vintgar is 1600 m long and up to 250 m deep spectacular gorge of mountain river Radovna, on an eastern edge of the Triglav National Park, 4 km North-West from the center of Bled.
Vintgar from Ajdna in Karavanke. Breakthrough of Radovna river in eastern edge of Mežakla (Hom, 834 m, left and Boršt, 931 m, right). Behind is corner of vilage Spodnje Gorje and above it is Pokljuka and ahead is Blejska Dobrava.
Hydrologic and geomorphological meaning: A gorge formed mountain river Radovna, which flows out as right inflow of the river Sava Dolinka, soon from exit of gorge. Spring of river Radovna is in valleys of Triglav mountain Kot and Krma, it accumulates waters also from northern part of Pokljuka and from Mežakla. River valley above Vintgar is 19 km long. Radovna was primarily being flowed straight on south to the Bled basin, but in penultimate ice age Bled corner was filling with Bohinj glacier, therefore was Radovna glacier at Krnica forced to reroute to northeast. On the beginning of interglacial ice was melting and liquid water was filled to corrie northwestern from Bled. Lake was deep from 100 to 120 m. This was followed by the gradual draining and backfilling with gravel and chalk. In front of the gorge entrance, in Leske, is liquid Radovna first carved in its own rubble and than into the lake chalk. Between Hom (834 m) and Borst (931 m) on the southeastern edge of Mežakla it was cut into the soft Oligocene Grey. Under her later ran into hard dark flat medium Triassic limestone with chert, which is under the influence of tectonics slightly wrinkled. Deep erosion was due to the high water fall extremely intensive; at the same time was on one side neotektom lifting limestone block and on the other side subsidence of the Ljubljana basin. Until the end latest interglacial period is Radovna hollowed out two-thirds of the total depth of the gorge and after the end the rest third at the last ice age, 10,000 years ago. Vintgar is a narrow gorge with steep, in many places vertical walls. In the narrowest part, named Pekel (Hell) is only a few metres wide. Walls of sinks are high from 50 to 100 m, slopes over them extend 100 m more. Vintgar is actually common noun for this like formed canyon gorge. Rushing water between swirling, dropping through the thresholds in the rapids and waterfalls creates on the rocky bottom and in the walls various forms of erosion: erosion pots (so- called draselj) , pools and recesses (so- called facets). The effect of river water is even greater because it also swirling sand, gravel or even small rocks. Beautiful examples of erosion pots are in the upper part of the gorge, the Large and Small potholes. As the gorge area consists of a porous carbonate rocks, is here on work even chemical erosion or corrosion. It is formed even underground cave in the Vintgar gorge. The gorge ends at the transition to a soft gray Oligocene, which is covered with gravel, sometimes adhering in the conglomerate. Geological border marks waterfall Šum with 13 meters water fall, which is the largest Slovenian river waterfall. There is magnificent waterfall in the middle of the gorge Small waterfall. Gorge is thus evolved in three ways: by epigenesis - carved in the their own rubble and lake rubble, with antecendence - carved in the rising mass of rock, and headward erosion, which progresses from the bottom of the waterfall Šum up.
Gorge canyon in a narrowest part, named Hell, just a few meters wide. The walls are high troughs 50 to 100 m, slopes above them extends to 100 m higher.
Cultural importance: Gorge was by 1891 completely inaccessible and unknown. Then they are at extremely low water level Radovna, went into gorge mayor Jakob Zumer, Bled photographer and cartographer Benedict Lergetporer. In 1893, with extraordinary efforts builded more than 500 m bridges and galleries, which allows the tourist to visit a gorge. In its most significant part gallery are dedicated to explorer Jakob Zumer and named Žumer Gallery. There is also a memorial plaque in the wall. Important human creation that deserve attention is a stone bridge Bohinj Railway, built in 1906, 33,5 m above the path crosses the canyon with 53 m width. There is also a dam, from where most of the water passes through a tube to a small hydropower plant under bridge Šum. Hydropower plant was made in order to build 7,976-meter-long rail tunnel Hrušica. Name Vintgar to one interpretation originated from German Weingarten (the vineyards in the nearby Podhomu), the other interpretation is that the gorge section reminds on the wine glass. Following Bled's vintgar were given the name of any other similar gorges in Slovenia (Iski vintgar, Ribnica vintgar above Srednja vas in Bohinj, Bistrica vintgar). Finally, even the train station Blejska Dobrava is called Vintgar.
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