Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann Traditional Geocache
Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann
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Eller som danskerne kender ham J.P.E. Hartmann – (14. maj 1805 i København – 10. marts 1900 sammesteds) var en af Danmarks betydeligste komponister. Korværket Vølvens spådom er optaget i Kulturkanonen.
Or, as the Danes know him J.P.E. Hartmann - (14 May 1805 - March 10, 1900) was one of Denmark's most important composers. Choral work Vølvens spådom (Sibyl's prophecy) is recorded in the Cultural Canon.
J.P.E. Hartmann var søn af musikeren August Wilhelm Hartmann og var uddannet som jurist, men også en dygtig orgelspiller og allerede som 19-årig i 1824 blev han udnævnt til organist ved Garnisonskirken og efterfulgte derved sin far.
I 1827 blev han lærer ved det netop oprettede musikkonservatorium, og med endnu et job som sekretær i Den Borgerlige Indrulleringskommission blev han så velstillet, at han kunne gifte i 1829 sig med Emma Zinn, datter af en velstående agent. Emma døde dog allerede i 1851, hvorefter Hartmann senere giftede sig igen.
Stillingen som organist bevarede han til meget sent i livet, men efterhånden kom arbejdet med selv at skrive musik til at fylde meget. Han blev endvidere professor ved Københavns Universitet i 1849 og direktør for Musikkonservatoriet i 1890, da han efterfulgte Niels W. Gade. Hartmann var medstifter af Konservatoriet i 1867.
I 1836 var Hartmann med til at starte Musikforeningen i København, og i 1839 var han tilsvarende med til at starte Studenter-Sangforeningen. Han blev senere formand i en lang årrække for begge foreninger.
Fra 1836 rejste Hartmann jævnligt i Europa. Den første rejse bragte ham f.eks. til flere byer i Tyskland og Schweiz samt til Prag, Wien, Salzburg og Paris. Senere rejste han også i Norge og Sverige, og han nåede i 1857 endvidere til Italien. Hans sidste rejse i 1878 gik til Hamburg.
Igennem sit lange liv oplevede Hartmann store skift i de herskende musikalske stilarter, og det påvirkede hans egne kompositioner. Hans tidligste værker tilhørte den wienerklassicistiske stil, og mod karrierens slutning endte han i den senromantiske stil. Samtidig kan man finde en nordisk tone i meget af hans musik.
Hartmann skrev musik meget tidligt. De første bevarede kompositioner er fra hans tidligste tid som organist, hvor han var omkring 20 år.
Hartmann fuldførte i sit liv tre operaer:
Ravnen med tekst af H.C. Andersen (1832)
Korsarerne med tekst af Henrik Hertz
Liden Kirsten med tekst af H.C. Andersen (1846)
Han skrev scenemusik til en række skuespil af digtere som Adam Oehlenschläger, Johan Ludvig Heiberg og H.C. Andersen. Hertil kommer et langvarigt samarbejde med August Bournonville om balletmusik, heriblandt 2. akt af Et folkesagn
Han skrev musik til sange som:
Flyv, Fugl, Flyv
I Sne staar Urt og Busk i Skjul
Lær mig, Nattens Stjerne
Som musiker virkede han i en menneskealder som organist, men skrev kun få – men betydelige – værker for orgel. Han var en dygtig improvisator, men skrev ikke sine improvisationer ned. Til gengæld har han skrevet mange kirkelige vokalværker omfattende værker for solostemme med enkel akkompagnement til store værker med kor og orkester. Mest kendt i nutiden er dog salmemelodier til fx Blomstre som en Rosengaard og Op dog, Sion, ser du ej.
Med sin centrale placering i dansk musik i det 19. århundrede kom Hartmann til at påvirke mange yngre komponister. Han blev mod slutningen af sit liv betragtet som den musikalske inkarnation af den danske folkesjæl, og blandt de mest markante af de komponister, der er påvirket af ham, er Peter Erasmus Lange-Müller, Edvard Grieg og Carl Nielsen.
J.P.E. Hartmann blev Ridder af Dannebrog 1840, Dannebrogsmand 1852, Kommandør af 2. grad 1874, af 1. grad 1884, modtog Storkorset 1886, i diamanter 1895 og Fortjenstmedaljen i guld 1885. Hartmann er således den højest dekorerede danske komponist nogensinde.
Han er begravet ved Garnisons Kirke.
Kilde: Wikipedia
J.P.E. Hartmann was the son of musician August Wilhelm Hartmann and was trained as a lawyer, but also an accomplished organ player and even as a 19-year-old in 1824 he was appointed organist at the Garrison Church and thereby succeeded his father.
In 1827 he became a teacher at the newly established Academy of Music, and with even a job as a secretary in the Civil Indrulleringskommission he was so wealthy that he could marry in 1829 with Emma Zinn, daughter of a wealthy agent. Emma died, however, already in 1851, after which Hartmann later remarried.
The post of organist he maintained to very late in life, but eventually got work himself to write music to fill much. He was also a professor at Copenhagen University in 1849 and director of the Music Academy in 1890, when he succeeded Niels W. Gade. Hartmann was a founding member of the Academy in 1867.
In 1836, Hartmann was co-founded the Music Society in Copenhagen, and in 1839 he was corresponding with to start Student Choral Society. He later was president for many years for both groups.
From 1836 Hartmann traveled frequently in Europe. The first trip brought him such. to several cities in Germany and Switzerland as well as to Prague, Vienna, Salzburg and Paris. Later he traveled in Norway and Sweden, and he reached in 1857, also to Italy. His last trip in 1878 went to Hamburg.
Throughout his long life saw Hartmann major shift in the prevailing musical styles, and it affected his own compositions. His earliest works belonged to the wienerklassicistiske style, and towards the end he ended his career in the late Romantic style. At the same time one can find a Nordic tone of much of his music.
Hartmann wrote music very early. The first surviving compositions are from his earliest days as an organist when he was about 20 years.
Hartmann completed in his life three operas:
Raven with a text by Hans Christian Andersen (1832)
Corsairs with text by Henrik Hertz
Kirsten with text by Hans Christian Andersen (1846)
He wrote the stage music for several plays by poets as Adam Oehlenschläger, Johan Ludvig Heiberg, HC Andersen. Additionally, a long-term cooperation with August Bournonville ballet about music, including the second An act of folklore. He wrote music for songs such as:
Flying, Bird, Fly
In Snow stands herb and shrub in Collapse
Teach me, the Night Star
As a musician he worked for a lifetime as an organist, but wrote only a few - but significant - works for organ. He was a skilled improviser, but did not write down his improvisations. In return, he has written many religious vocal works, including works for solo voice with simple accompaniment to great works with chorus and orchestra. Best known in the present, however, hymn tunes for such flowers as a Rosengaard and Up, however, Sion, you see not.
With its central location in the Danish music in the 19th century came Hartmann to influence many younger composers. He was towards the end of his life, regarded as the musical incarnation of the Danish psyche, and among the most prominent of the composers who influenced him, Peter Erasmus Lange-Müller, Edvard Grieg and Carl Nielsen.
J.P.E. Hartmann was Knight of the Dannebrog 1840, Dannebrog Man 1852, Commander of the 2nd degree 1874, the first degree 1884, received the Grand Cross 1886, in diamonds 1895 and Merit in gold the 1885th Hartmann is the most decorated Danish composer ever.
He is buried at the Garrison Churchyard.
Source: Wikipedia
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