Twierdza Wisloujscie.
Wisloujscie Fortress.
Twierdza Wisloujscie. Foto - mhmg.pl
O miejscu:
W bezposrednim sasiedztwie pólwyspu Westerplatte, znajduje sie
unikalny zabytek sztuki fortyfikacyjnej. Twierdza Wisloujscie.
Nazwa Wisloujscie wywodzi sie z czasów, gdy ujscie Wisly znajdowalo
sie bezposrednio na pólnoc od Twierdzy Wisloujscie. Miejsce to
stanowilo wazny z punktu widzenia strategicznego teren, skad mozna
bylo kontrolowac ruch statków wychodzacych i wchodzacych do
Gdanska. Dawny port w Gdansku polozony byl nad Motlawa, kilka
kilometrów od brzegu morskiego, co czynilo z Wisloujscia kluczowa
pozycje oslaniajaca Gdansk od strony morza i zabezpieczajaca przed
zaskoczeniem miasta i portu przez nieprzyjaciela. Strategiczne
znaczenie tego miejsca doceniono bardzo wczesnie. Nie jest
wykluczone, ze juz za panowania ksiazat pomorskich znajdowala sie
tu straznica. Pierwsze pisane wzmianki o istnieniu straznicy na
miejscu dzisiejszej twierdzy pochodza jednak dopiero z polowy XIV
wieku. Byla to budowla drewniana, nic tez dziwnego, ze ulegala
czesto zniszczeniu. W 1433 roku zostaje spalona przez husytów, a w
roku 1465 ulega zniszczeniu w czasie silnego sztormu szalejacego na
Baltyku. Pierwsza stala budowla fortyfikacyjna powstaje tu juz po
wyswobodzeniu sie Gdanska spod panowania krzyzackiego (1308-1454).
W roku 1482 zostaje wzniesiona murowana, cylindryczna wieza,
sluzaca do celów obronnych i jako latarnia morska. Na jej szczycie,
w nocy rozpalano ogien wskazujacy statkom droge do portu. Sama
wieza nie stanowila, wobec rozwijajacej sie sztuki wojennej,
dostatecznej obrony, totez w okresie wojny polsko - krzyzackiej w
latach 1518 ? 21 wzniesiono wokól latarni drewniane umocnienia.
Wokól tego rdzenia, jaki stanowila wieza wraz z powstalymi
umocnieniami, w ciagu nastepnych dziesiatków lat narastaly
poszczególne obiekty obronne, które zlozyly sie na calosc
fortyfikacji Wisloujscia. W roku 1562, na miejscu drewnianych
umocnien otaczajacych wieze, wzniesiono trzykondygnacyjny, murowany
wieniec posiadajacy kazamaty. Gdy wybuchl konflikt pomiedzy
Gdanskiem, a kaprami królewskimi w roku 1568, otworzono stad ogien
do stojacych na redzie okretów kaperskich. Dla chocby czesciowego
zabezpieczenia sie przed podobnymi wypadkami, tzw. Konstytucja
Karnkowskiego, regulujaca stosunek Gdanska do Polski
Rzeczypospolitej, ustala m. in., ze komendant twierdzy ma obowiazek
skladania przysiegi na wiernosc królowi polskiemu. W niedlugim
jednak czasie staje sie Twierdza w Wisloujsciu znów jednym z
punktów oporu przeciw królowi Stefanowi Batoremu. W roku 1577 byla
oblegana przez wojska królewskie, jednakze mimo kilkakrotnych prób
zdobycia i silnych zniszczen, oblezenie nie powiodlo sie. Wkrótce
tez przystapiono do jej odbudowy i modernizacji. Wiek XVI, a
zwlaszcza jego koniec jest okresem szybkiego rozwoju broni palnej,
wzrostu sily burzacej dzial, a co za tym idzie, modernizacji
fortyfikacji i powstawania nowych systemów obronnych. Zdawano sobie
sprawe ze znaczenia tych przedsiewziec. Fortyfikator dzialajacy w
polowie XVII wieku ? Józef Naronowicz ? Naronski pisze w swej pracy
o umocnieniach obronnych: /.../ Nigdy tak palace bogate, budynki
kosztowne, ogrody, fontanny nie zdobia zamków, dworów, jak wal
porzadny, dobrego ingeniera regularna forma usypany i
wyksztaltowany /.../
Skrytka:
Musisz pojawic sie pod koordynatami i udac sie w kierunku SE ok 80
m. Nano magnetyczny, 80-100, wez olówek.
About this spot:
A unique monument of the fortification works, Wisloujscie Fortress,
is located in direct proximity to the Westerplatte peninsula. This
was an important area from a strategic point of view, as the
movement of ships entering and leaving Gdansk harbour could be
controlled from this place. The former Gdansk harbour was located
on the Motlawa river, a few kilometres from the seashore, which
made Wisloujscie a key place protecting Gdansk from the sea and
protecting the city and harbour from a surprise enemy attack. Its
strategic importance was appreciated long ago. It is quite possible
that a guard post was already located there under the reign of the
Pomeranian dukes. The first written comments on the existence of a
guard post in the place of the present fortress are not however
found until the mid 14th century. The first permanent
fortifications were built just after Gdansk broke free from the
Teutonic Knights’ reign (1308-1454). In 1482 a brick
cylindrical tower was erected used both for defence purposes and as
a lighthouse. The tower itself did not provide sufficient defence,
and therefore during the Polish-Teutonic Knights war between
1518–21, wooden fortifications were built around the
lighthouse. Subsequent defence structures were added over the
following decades. In 1562 the wooden fortifications surrounding
the tower were replaced with a three-storey brick ring with
casemates. The 16th century and more specifically its end, was a
period of rapid development in guns and their ensuing increased
destructive power, which necessitated the modernisation of the
fortifications and the establishment of new defence systems. Gdansk
relatively quickly became aware of the need to undertake these
expensive works, which however were necessary for the city’s
security. In the 1580s a four-bastion Carré fort was built around
the ring in place of the former wooden fortifications, designed
according to the rules of the new Italian art of fortification. It
was most likely designed by the Flemish fortifications expert,
Antoni van Obberghen. The fort’s bastions had casemates and
gun stations, which allowed one to fire along the walls. The
foreground could be fired upon with guns located in the bastions.
The casemates had 1586 and 1587 date inscriptions, indicating the
time of completing the construction of individual fortification
structures. Fort Carré was surrounded by a moat, through which the
way to the inside lead, located in the curtain wall between the
bastions. The entry was protected by a gate and drawbridge. The
gate tunnel is built diagonally in relation to the entry axis in
order to protect the interior of the fort from potential gun fire.
The 1602 date inscription in the entry portal of the fort refers to
the date of completing the works on the fort. The Eastern
Entrenchment was erected during 1624-26 to protect the fort against
direct attack and was constructed according to the guidelines of
the Italian expert, Hieronim Ferrero. It consisted of 5 earth
bastions preceded by a moat. The similar Western Entrenchment was
located on the other bank of the Vistula river directly opposite
the fortress. The fortifications of both entrenchments were
constantly developed and supplemented in the 18th century. The
fortress fortifications and city defence system were merged into a
unified defence system in 1657–58. The Fortress itself, the
New Harbour and Westerplatte were additionally strengthened during
the Napoleonic wars. Ultimately, the fortress had lost its military
significance after WWI through the demilitarization of Gdansk.
Between the two world wars it was used as a marina by many yacht
clubs. The facility was destroyed during the war in 1945 and was
partially rebuilt in the sixties. Further reconstruction of the
facility and its planned adaptation to a yacht marina was
discontinued as a result of the construction of industrial plants
in the direct vicinity and their negative impact on the structure.
Since 1974 Wisloujscie Fortress has been administered by the Gdansk
History Museum.
The cache:
You must appear at the coordinates and go towards the SE about 80
m. The magnetic nano, 80-100, take a pencil.
