Bohinjski predor / Bohinj tunnel Traditional Geocache
Bohinjski predor / Bohinj tunnel
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Bohinjski predor med Bohinjsko Bistrico in Podbrdom skozi goro Kobla je s 6.327,4 metra dolžine najdaljši povsem slovenski železniški predor. Leta 1905 je bilo na svetu daljših le 10 predorov.
Bohinj tunnel (6.327,4 m) between Bohinjska Bistrica and Podbrdo under the Kobla mountain is the longest tunnel that lies entirely in the slovene railway system. In 1905 only 10 tunnels in the world were longer.
Severni vhod v predor leta 1906 / Northern portal of the tunnel in 1906
Predor je gradilo furlansko podjetje Ceconi z enako tehnologijo kot poprej že predor Arlberg v Avstriji. Prvotni načrt je predvideval izgradnjo dveh enotirnih predorov, med seboj oddaljenih 30 metrov in s prečnimi povezavami na vsakih 200 metrov, vendar so leta 1900 z nekaj poskusnimi rovi ugotovili, da glede na geološko sestavo ni pričakovati pritiskov, ki bi onemogočali izgradnjo enocevnega dvotirnega predora. Z vrtanjem predora so na severni strani (Bohinjska Bistrica) pričeli septembra, na južni strani (Podbrdo) pa oktobra 1900. Za izkop s severne strani so uporabljali takrat nasodobnejše električne vrtalnike Siemens & Halske, z južne strani pa je izkop potekal ročno (ročno je izkopanih približno 2.000 m predora). Elektriko za stroje in osvetlitev je zagotavljala elektrarna (strojnica na mestu današnje oz. nekdanje ribogojnice poleg Zoisovega gradu?), ki jo je poganjala voda, speljana približno 3 km daleč od izvira Bistrice. Predor so prebili po skoraj 4 letih gradnje 31.5.1904 natanko 8 mesecev pred rokom, zaključna dela pa so bila opravljena 29.4.1905. Za železniški promet je bil, skupaj s celotno Bohinjsko progo, odprt 19.6.1906 s slovesnostjo, na kateri je bil navzoč tudi prestolonaslednik Franc Ferdinand.
Pri gradnji Bohinjskega predora je sodelovalo več kot 2.000 delavcev, kar 55 jih je med gradnjo umrlo zaradi nezgode ali bolezni (v Podbrdu je spominsko obeležje 12 umrlim, 43 imen umrlih delavcev pa je vklesanih na obeležju pri cerkvi v Bohinjski Bistrici). Največ težav so graditeljem predora predstavljali nenehni vdori vode, ki tudi danes v deževnih obdobjih v predoru naraste do 60 cm nad zgornji rob tirnice. Zaradi boljšega odvajanja vode so drugi tir v predoru leta 1938 (1948?) odstranili. Posebnost predora je predorska reka, ki se izliva skozi severni portal.
Ob dograditvi leta 1905 je bila dolžina predora 6.339 metrov. Predor se od severnega portala 3.557 m blago vzpenja od 525 m do najvišje točke 534 m in se nato spušča do južnega portala na 508 m nadmorske višine. Današnjo dolžino je dobil leta 1945, ko so nemški vojaki ob umiku razstrelili severni portal.
Bohinjski predor je bil eden najpomembnejših izmed 28 predorov na 158 km dolgi Bohinjski progi (Jesenice–Gorica), ki je povezala srednjo Evropo s Trstom. Proga je bila velika pridobitev za celo takratno monarhijo, dnevno jo je prevozilo do 70 vlakovnih kompozicij. Danes je na ploščadi pred severnim portalom postajališče smučarskega vlaka, saj leži severni portal v neposredni bližini smučišča Kobla. Ploščad je v vročih poletnih dneh tudi sprehajališče, ker je pogosto zaradi hladnega zraka iz predora ob severnem portalu tudi v vročini prijeten hlad.
Dostop: parkirate lahko kjerkoli v Bohinjski Bistrici, najbližje parkirišče je pri smučišču Kobla. Zaklad je varno dostopen s potniške ploščadi tudi ko mimo vozi vlak. V zakladu je majhen svinčnik za tiste, ki pridejo brez pisala, ostale pa prosim, da uporabijo svojega.
Tunelska reka v Bohinjskem predoru / Tunnel river in Bohinj tunnel
The tunnel was built by Italian company Ceconi who employed the same technology as in Arlberg tunnel in Austria 25 years earlier. Originally, it was drafted as 2 one-track galleries, separated 30 m with cross-connections at each 200 m, but it was established by geological surveys in 1900 that it was safe to build it as 1 two-track gallery. Works on the northern side (Bohinjska Bistrica) started in September, whereas works on the southern side (Podbrdo) started in October 1900. State-of-the-art electrical drills by Siemens & Halske were used on the northern side. Power for drills and lighting was provided by a hydroelectric power station in Bohinjska Bistrica (the site of former fish farm near Zois manor?), for which water was channelled from spring of Bistrica for approximately 3 km. On the south side all the works in the tunnel were manual (some 2.000 m of the tunnel from the south side were constructed manually). Teams from both sides met on 31.5.1904 exactly 8 months before deadline, construction was finalised on 29.4.1905. The tunnel (and the entire Bohinj railway) opened for traffic on 19.6.1906 with a ceremony that was attended by Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
More than 2.000 workmen were employed in construction of the tunnel, of which 55 died due to accidents or illness (12 deceased are listed on the memorial in Podbrdo, while 43 deceased are listed on the memorial on the church wall in Bohinjska Bistrica). Water sources deep in the tunnel were the greatest obstacle to construction. Even today, water in the tunnel can rise up to 60 cm above the upper edge of the track after heavy rains. To improve the drainage of water the second track was removed in 1938 (1948?), but the tunnel river that flows constantly from the northern portal remained a peculiarity of this tunnel.
When it was built in 1905, the tunnel was 6.339 m long. It ascends slowly for 3.557 m from the northern portal from 525 m to its highest point at 534 m and then descends to the southern portal to 508 m above sea level. Current length is from 1945 when retreating German army destroyed the northern portal.
Bohinj tunnel was the most important of 28 tunnels on Bohinj railway (Jesenice-Gorizia), which connected Trieste to central Europe in 1906. The railway that greatly impacted the life in Bohinj valley was very important for entire monarchy and has seen up to 70 train compositions passing daily. Today, the plateau in front of northern portal is a passenger terminal for ski train in winter (ski resort Kobla lies in close proximity within walking distance) and a refreshing promenade in summer, when cold air from the heart of the mountain is often cooling the area.
Access: there is ample parking space in Bohinjska Bistrica, the closest parking is at Kobla ski pistes. Cache can be retrieved safely even when the train is passing. Small pencil is included in the container for those who forget to bring their own. Please use your own pen(cil) if you have it.
Severni vhod v predor danes / Northern portal of the tunnel today
Additional Hints
(Decrypt)
Fcbqnw, ivfbxb / Orybj, uvtu