[Cz] Vetrne elektrarny jsou jednim z obnovitelnych zdroju elektricke energie, a jak uz nazev napovida, vyuzivaji pohybu vzduchu – vetru. Celkovy vyuzitelny vykon vetru na nasi planete se odhaduje na cca 3 TW (asi tretina soucasne svetove spotreby). Do roku 2000 byly na Zemi postaveny elektrárny s maximalnim vykonem 6 GW (0,006 TW), pricemz jejich prumerny vyuzitelny vykon cini pouze 1,2 GW. prakticky vyuzitelny je vitr o rychlostech od 3 m/s po 26 m/s, kdy slabsi vitr elektrarnu neroztoci a silnejsi ji muze naopak poskodit.
[En] Aero generators are one of renewable power sources. As it is said in its name, it’s actuated by wind. Overall output of winds on Earth is approximately 3 TW (one third of present world power consumption). There were built aero generators with 6 GW (0.006 TW) of output before year 2000 but its real usable output is only 1.2 GW. The power plant can use only wind of speed between 3 and 26 meters per second. Slower wind is not strength enough to rotate the turbine, faster would damage it.
[Cz] Vetrne motory se deli dle polohy osy otaceni na vertikalni a horizontalni. Motory s vertikální osou (viz. obrazek nize) dosahuji ucinnosti jen kolem 18 % (max. 38 %) a jejich pohyb je dan nesoumernosti aerodynamickych sil, zmenou polohy lopatek behem otaceni, uzitim zakrivených lopatek, nebo pusobenim vztlakove sily. Motory s horizontalni osou vyuzivaji predevsim vztlakove sily tvorene rozdilem tlaku na stranach lopatky zpusobenem nerovnomernym obtekanim vzduchu profilu lopatky. Ucinnost techto motoru dosahuje cca 48 %, avsak je nutne je natacet primo proti smeru proudeni vetru.
[En] Wind turbines are divided according to aspect of rotation of main axis –vertical or horizontal. Turbines with vertical axis (see picture below) have effectiveness only about 18% (max. 38%) and their movement is caused by asymmetric aerodynamics forces, by change of position of blades during the rotation, by curved blades or by buoyancy force. Turbines with horizontal axis use mainly buoyancy force generated by the difference between pressures on sides of the blades which are caused by unequal flow of air around the blade. The effectiveness of these turbines is around 48% but they have to be rolled up in the opposite direction of wind.
[Cz] Prvni vetrne „elektrarny“ jsou znamy jiz od nepameti, drive se ovsem nepouzivaly k výrobe elektriny, ale k pohonu mlynu, cerpadel a dalsich zarizeni. Jejich historie saha az do 4. stoleti pred nasim letopoctem, kdy je pouzivali v tehdejsi Alexandrii. Prvni listinna zminka o evropskem mlyne je z roku 833 naseho letopoctu, pricemz v cechach se objevil az roku 1277 (mlyn u Strahovskeho klastera). Nasledoval mohutny rozvoj mlynu, zvlaste v Holandsku, kde byl diky jeho poloze zajisten staly a silny vitr. Rozmach vetrnych mlynu stagnoval po objevu parniho stroje, ovsem jeste na pocatku 1. svetove valky bylo v provozu obrovske mnozstvi mlynu (napr. v Rusku se mlelo 2/3 obilí ve vetrnych mlynech, a v Nemecku bylo v provozu 4500 vetrnych mlynu). Prvni uskutecnena myslenka vyroby elektriny pomoci vetru pochazi z roku 1890 z Danska. V soucasne dobe se vzhledem k ucinnosti nejcasteji pouzivaji mlyny s vodorovnou osou otaceni se tremi lopatkami (pouzivaji se ovsem i dvou nebo dokonce jednolopatkove vrtule).
[En] The first aero generators are known for a long time but they weren’t used to produce electricity as today but to drive mills, pumps and other similar machines. First windmills were used in 4th century BC in Alexandria. First written reference in Europe dates to 833 AD, in Czech Republic not before 1277 AD (windmill by Strahov monastery). After it a great expansion began, especially in Netherlands where, thanks to its good location, were stronger and constant winds. When the steam machine was invented the expansion of windmills stands still. But even at the beginning of the First World War were still many windmills under operation (e.g. 2/3 of wheat in Russia were grinded in windmills, in Germany were 4500 operating windmills). The first idea of using windmills to produce electricity is dated to 1890, Denmark. Today are mainly used mills with horizontal main axis and with three blades because they are more effective (sometimes two blades or even one blade are used).
[Cz] I pres to, ze se jedna o obnovitelny zdroj energie, je vyroba elektriny pomoci vetrnych elektráren pomerne nakladna (vitr sice fouka zadarmo, ale prvotni naklady na vyrobu nejen elektraren, ale i samotneho kvalitniho materialu na ne jsou extremne vysoke). Navic i ekologicnost tohoto zdroje energie neni tak velka, jak by se mohlo na prvni pohled zdat. To se projevi predevsim v silnem naruseni puvodniho estetickeho razu krajiny a zaroven se v blizkosti elektrarny projevuje i pomerne silny hluk. Mimo to dochází v zimních mesicich k opadavani pomerne velkych ledovych bloku namrazy z listu otacejici se vrtule do okoli.
[En] Despite the aero generator is renewable source of energy, processing of this energy is quite expensive (wind is maybe free of charge but initial costs are extremely high). In addition this source of energy isn’t so ecological as it seems. It shows in violation of original aesthetical individuality of nature and this power plant is surrounded by quite strong noise. During winter big blocks of ice may fall down from blades too.
[Cz] Kes samotna je umistena v blizkosti jedne nove vybudovane vetrne elektrarny, takze muzete sami posoudit esteticky dopad na okolni krajinu, a to jiz ze vzdalenosti mnoha kilometru od samotne kese (viz. obrazek vyse, za dobre viditelnosti lze tuto dominantu okoli spatrit i z vice nez 25 km). Pokud budete mit navic stesti i na vhodny vitr, urcite si pri odlovu vsimnete i charakteristickeho hlasitého svisteni lopatek rozrezavajicich okolni vzduch. Lopatky samotne maji promenny profil, aby byla zachovana konstantni rychlost obtekani vzduchu v kterekoliv vzdalenosti od stredu rotoru.
Celkove si muzete zblizka prohlednout stavbu vysokou 100 m s prumerem rotoru taktez 100 m a udelat si vlastni obrazek o tom, jak by vypadal cely kompletni vetrny park Resice, jenz ma obsahovat celkem 5 techto elektráren, i pres odpor obyvatel okolnich vesnic (vcetne lesni zvere v okolí elektrarny, ktera pry ze vsech lesu brzy po uvedeni elektrarny do provozu zmizela). Budouci reseni techto problemu s vetrnymi elektrarnami spociva napriklad v jejich umisteni do troposfery, coz je ovsem stale jeste otazka sci-fi literatury.
K samotne elektrarne vede mala polni cesta kde se da odstavit auto (viz. waypoint), ovsem doporucuji spise prijet na kole nebo prijit pesky.
[En] The cache itself is placed near aero generator which was recently built so you can judge the impact on outskirts yourself even if you are standing far from Cache (see picture above, you may see it if you are far then 25km). During capturing of cache you could notice characteristical swish of blades if you’re lucky ones. The blades have unbalanced profile to keep constant wind speed in every distance from the center of impeller. Generally you will see 100 m high construction with impeller diameter of 100 m and you could imagine how will „The Wind Park Resice“ look like with 5 of these power plants as it is mapped out even if inhabitants of nearby villages are strictly disagreeing with it (it counts animals which were seen escaping from surrounded forests when the power plant was started). To solve these problems in future we could place the aero generators to troposphere but it’s still a meaned to be in sci-fi literature. There is a cart-road to the aero generator where your car should be standed off (see additional waypoint) but I suggest to come by bike or on your own feet.
[Cz] Kes je soucasti planovane mystery kese „Elektrarenska“. Tato mystery kes neni doposud v provozu, ale bonusove cislo pro budouci kes plati, takze si jej opiste, mate‑li zajem.
[En] The Cache is part of Mystery Cache „Elektrarenska“ which is recently planned. Today it’s not in service but the Bonus Number for it holds so keep it in your notes if you are interested.
[Cz] P.S. Timto bych chtel podekovat cacherovi RoRaDa za pomoc s vytvarenim teto kese.
[En] Special thanks to the Cacher RoRaDa who helped with creating of this Cache.
Pouzite zdroje / References:
Velka kniha o energii, Plzen 2001, ISBN 80-238-6578-1
http://www.cez.cz/cs/vyroba-elektriny/obnovitelne-zdroje/vitr/vetrny-park-resice.html