Pohled na pivovar a
pivovarskou zahradu (byvalou zahradu klarisek) z Havrani skaly,
historicke foto je patrne stara jako mesto samo. Uz ve 13. stoleti
se varilo pivo pro vrchnost a pro sluzebnictvo, pro mnichy a zence
pak redina a patoky. Pansky pivovar i sladovna se nachazely primo v
zamku, na ctvrtem nadvori.
Take mesto melo vzdy minimalne jeden pivovar. Nepochybne se pivo ve
meste varilo uz od 14. stol. V r. 1347 udelil Petr I. z Rozmberka
krumlovskym pravo na krcmy a pivovar. Varilo se pivo nejen jecne
jako v soucasnosti, ale i psenicne, ktere bylo dokonce oblibenejsi
a tim i vynosnejsi.
Az do r. 1555 byl Krumlov vlastne dvema mesty s vlastnimi radnicemi
a take vlastnimi pivovary – pod zamkem to byl Latran a
Krumlov na druhe strane reky okolo namesti. Mezi obema mesty
dochazelo k neustalym sporum a jeden z nejostrejsich byl o pravo
varit psenicne pivo. V roce 1459 byli sice latransti
zrovnopravneni, ale v roce 1503 preslo toto pravo vyhradne na
Krumlov. V roce 1555 shledal Vilem z Rozmberka, ze uz nehodla dale
snaset nekoncici spory a obe casti spojil v mesto jedine s nazvem
Krumlov.
Kapacita panskeho pivovaru prestala v 16.stol stacit narustajici
spotrebe a poptavce. Neni se ostatne co divit, nebot podle dobovych
pramenu byl v te dobe kazdy osmy dum ve meste hospodou. Proto dal
Vilem z Rozmberka vystavit v r.1560 v predhradi pivovar novy.
Velikym pokrokem bylo, kdyz k nemu o rok pozdeji Jakub Krcin z
Jelcan privedl vodovod s velmi kvalitni vodou. Vilemovi se to
urcite vyplatilo, nebot podle dobovych pramenu cinily vynosy z
pivovarnictvi 50% veskerych prijmu celeho rozmberskeho
panstvi.
V r.1611 Rozmberkove ale Petrem Vokem vymreli, pricemz krumlovske
panstvi diky zadluzeni Petra Voka patrilo uz od zacatku 17.stol.
cisari Rudolfu Habsburskemu. V roce 1622 ziskali panstvi styrsti
Eggenbergove od Ferdinanda II. za financni prispevky na cisarovy
valecne vydaje.
I rod Eggenbergu ale vymrel a v roce 1719 zdedili jejich panstvi
Schwarzenberkove. Ti venovali pivovaru velkou peci. Za jejich vlady
byl pivovar nejvetsi v celem panstvi. Zacali dovazet kvalitnejsi
chmel ze severnich Cech, v 80.letech 19.stoleti zavedli parni
provoz a nove strojni vybaveni.
Po 2.svetove valce jim byl pivovar spolu s celym panstvim
vyvlastnen a pivovar fungoval dal jako statni podnik v ramci
budejovickych pivovaru.
The history of brewing in Cesky
Krumlov is probably as old as the town itself. Beer was
brewed here as early as in 13th century – high quality beer
for the nobility, thin and watery beer for the servants, monks and
harvesters. The lords’ brewery and malting house were
situated in the fourth castle courtyard.
From time immemorial, the town itself also had at least one
brewery. Beer was undoubtedly brewed in the town as early as in the
14th century. In 1347 Peter I of Rožmberk awarded Krumlov the
privilege to built and run taverns and a brewery. In those days
both barley (which is prepared here today) and wheat beer was
brewed. Wheat beer was even more popular and therefore more
lucrative.
Until 1555 Krumlov, in fact, consisted of two independent towns
– the first one was Latrán, which was located below the
castle and the second one was Krumlov, which was situated on the
farther side of the river and around the square. Each of them had
its own town-hall and brewery. There were frequent disputes between
these two towns and one of the most serious was for the privilege
to brew wheat beer. In 1459 Latrán was granted brewing rights equal
to Krumlov; nevertheless, in 1503 this privilege passed solely to
Krumlov town. In 1555 Vilém of Rožmberk, unable to stand the
never-ending squabbling, united the two parts and called the newly
created town Krumlov.
In the 16th century the capacity of the lords’ brewery was
insufficient to satisfy the growing demand. This was not
surprising, as it is chronicled that every eighth house in the town
was a tavern in those times. That was why Vilém of Rožmberk
had a new brewery built in the fore-castle area in 1560. A year
later, Jakub Krcín of Jelcany built a water pipe to bring
high-quality water to the brewery, which was a great break-through.
According to the contemporary historical sources, Vilém profited
from this brewery remarkably, as 50% of the Rožmberks’
incomes came from it.
In 1611 the Rožmberk House died out. The last Rožmberk
nobleman, Peter Vok, ran into debts, which resulted in the Krumlov
manor passing into the hands of the emperor, Rudolf of Habsburk. In
1622 the emperor Ferdinand II gave the Krumlov manor to the House
of Eggenberg to reimburse them for their war expenses.
When the House of Eggenberg died out in 1719, their manor passed to
the House of Schwarzenberg. They operated the brewery very
carefully. Under their rule, this brewery became the biggest one in
the whole manor. They used high-quality hops from north Bohemia and
in the 1880s introduced steam power and new machinery.
After World War II, the state expropriated the whole manor and
incorporated the brewery into the state-owned syndicate of Ceské
Budejovice breweries.